European Journal of Science and Theology, February 2021, Vol.17, No.1, 1-10 _______________________________________________________________________ THE CONTRIBUTION OF MEDIEVAL ROMANIA TO CYRILLIC EARLY PRINTED TETRAEVANGELIONS Jerzy Ostapczuk* Christian Academy of Theology in Warsaw, Faculty of Theology, Broniewskiego str. 48, Warsaw, 07-771, Poland (Received 22 June 2020, revised 7 October 2020) Abstract Most of the Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions were printed on the territories of contemporary Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania or Serbia. Just nine, out of the 110 editions, and only in 16th century were issued on territories of contemporary Romania. The goal of the article is to analyse the importance of the nine Cyrillic Early Printed tetraevangelions issued on the territories of contemporary Romania (i.e. Muntenia and Transylvania) for textual scholarship of the Church Slavonic translation of the Gospels. The investigation was based on the two fragments of the Gospels and other texts (i.e. Chapter lists) present in the Cyrillic tetraevangelions. All nine Cyrillic Early Printed Romanian tetraevangelions, on the basis of textual variants, were divided into two main groups. he fi g o p comp i e he follo ing fo edi ion : goviş e, 1546 and 15511553 - Sibiu, 1583 - from Sebeş o B aşov ( hich ha ome ve y ea ex al va ian ). Other five younger Tetraevangelions constitute the second group: 1561-1562 - B aşov, 1579 - Alba Iulia, 1579 - Sebeş, 8 and af e 8 - the Monastery of Saint John on the River Colentina in Bucharest. Textual variants present in Cyrillic Early printed tetraevangelions issued on territories of contemporary Romania prove the need to include these nine Gospels in textual scholarship of Church Slavonic tradition. Keywords: Cyrillic, early prints, Tetraevangelion, Romania 1. Introduction The start of Cyrillic printing dates back to the end of the 15th century. Books in Church Slavonic language started to be printed in the Cyrillic alphabet in Kraków - the capital of the Kingdom of Poland, by Schweipolt Fiol. Only four liturgical books were issued from his printing house: Octoechos (1491), the Book of Hours (1491), the Lenten Triodion (1492-1493) and the Pentecostarion. Another Cyrillic book, also called Octoechos, was issued in the capital of the Principality of Zeta - in Cetinje (contemporary Montenegro). It was printed in 1494 by Hieromonk Macarie in he C nojević p in ing ho e. He e, in the first * E-mail: jostap@wp.pl Ostapczuk/European Journal of Science and Theology 17 (2021), 1, 1-10 state press, which operated between 1493 and 1496, some other books (such as the Psalter and the Euchologion) were also issued. In this way, other printing houses in which Cyrillic books in Church Slavonic were issued can be enumerated, but we have to concentrate on the medieval Romanian contribution to Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions. The first Cyrillic tetragospel book written in Church Slavonic was issued in 1512. That was a full twenty years after the first Cyrillic book was printed in Krakow. This e aevangelion a i ed by Hie omonk Maca ie in go iş e. Hie omonk Maca ie f om go iş e i of en believed o be he ame p in e who had previously worked in Cetinje and, after the fall of the Principality of Zeta to the Turks in 1499, fled via Venice to Walachia, where in 1511 he started his printing activity. Having printed the first book in a Serbian recension of the Church Slavonic language, and the first book on the territories of Walachia, in a Middle-Bulgarian recension of Church Slavonic, Hieromonk Macarie is called the founder of Serbian and Romanian printing. For almost 300 years of Cyrillic printing history, i.e. since the date when the first Cyrillic liturgical tetraevangelion was issued in 1512, up to the end of the 18th century, this type of book, with the text of the four Gospels, was the most popular and was in high demand among clergymen. This is not surprising, as it has to be placed on the altar in every Orthodox Church and is obligatory for every religious service in the Orthodox Church. Consulting the catalogues of Cyrillic early printed books, we know that in this period of almost 300 years [1]:  liturgical tetraevangelions were printed 112 times,  the New Testament 38 times,  the New Testament with the Book of Psalms 13 times,  the Bible just 18 times. During the 16th century, Cyrillic tetraevangelions in Church Slavonic were only printed on the territories of contemporary: Romania - eleven times, Serbia and Montenegro - three times, in Moscow (Russia) - three times and once in Vilnius (Lithuania). Due to the complicated and tragic historical situation from the 17th century until the end of the 18th, there were no Cyrillic tetragospels printed in Church Slavonic in Serbia, Montenegro or the territory of contemporary Romania. The only lands where Gospel books were issued in Church Slavonic during these two centuries were East Slavic areas, i.e. contemporary Russia, Ukraine, Lithuania and Belorussia. From the first century of Cyrillic printing history, there were known tetragospels in three redactions of Church Slavonic: eleven editions in Middle Bulgarian - preferred by Wallachians and Transylvanians, three editions in Serbian - preferred by Serbians and Montenegrins, and four editions in East Slavonic - preferred by East Slavs. The former were printed in Walachia and Transylvania, the second in Serbia and Montenegro and the third in contemporary Russia and Lithuania. This situation continued for less than a century. The last tetragospel in a Serbian recension was printed in 1562 in Mrkšina Crkva, and the last in Middle Bulgarian recension was issued 21 years la e in 83, in Sebeş o B aşov. F om mid ay h o gh he 6th century until 2 The contribution of medieval Romania to Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions the end of the 18th century, Cyrillic tetragospels in East Slavonic recension of Church Slavonic were printed many times in Moscow, Vilnius, Lvov, Kiev and Pochaiv. Taking into account all the data, it should come as no surprise that most, almost one hundred, of the early printed tetraevangelions in Church Slavonic are East Slavonic recension. The rest - less than 15 - are in one of the South Slavic recension of Church Slavonic. 2. Romanian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions Only eleven out of all the editions of early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions appeared on the territory of contemporary Romania, and all of them were issued in Middle Bulgarian recension of the Church Slavonic language. Only the following nine (Table 1) [2-5] are accessible for the research. 6. Table 1. Romanian Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions. Year Place of printing Printer’s name 1512 govişte Hieromonk Macarie 1546 Sibiu Philip Pictor the Moldavian Sibiu (and in the Romanian 1551-1553 Philip Pictor the Moldavian language) Deacon Coresi with 1561-1562 B aşov Deacon Tudor Deacon Coresi with 1579 Sebeş Manuil 1579 Alba Iulia (Bălg ad) Deacon Lo inț 7. 1582 8. after 1582 Monastery of Saint John the Baptist (Plumbuita) on the River Colentina near Bucharest 9. 1583 Sebeş o B aşov No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hieromonk Laurentie and Ivan Hieromonk Laurentie (or Deacon Lo inț [6]) Deacon Coresi with Manuil Apart from the nine tetragospels listed above, there were also two editions that have not survived until today. The first is a tetraevangelion printed in B aşov on 2 September in 1565 by Deacon Kalin [7]. The second is the Gospel issued by Deacon Core i in B aşov in 77 [4, p. 1205]. The third tetra, issued in Sibiu in 1551-1553 by Philip Pictor the Moldavian, was the only bilingual tetraevangelion, with Church Slavonic and Romanian texts in two columns, both printed in the Cyrillic alphabet. Only a fragment from the Gospel of Matthew still survives [8]. 3. Importance of Romanian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions he fi Ch ch Slavonic e aevangelion f om goviş e occ pie a very important place in Cyrillic printing history. It is thought to be the original for other tetras printed later [9-12 . he o pel f om goviş e p ead ve y 3 Ostapczuk/European Journal of Science and Theology 17 (2021), 1, 1-10 rapidly especially in the South the Slavic world and was an inspiration and a model for subsequent tetraevangelions. This is why all Ugro-Wallachian and Serbian Church Slavonic tetragospels, despite their various recensions, are considered to be very similar to one another. Subsequent editions - in Serbia and Montenegro, Wallachia and Transylvania - were published with few or no changes in the text, and varied more in ornamentation [13]. For example, Serbian tetraevangelions printed in Ruino (1537) and Belgrade (1552) are referred o a an exac ep in of he go iş e o pel ( ). he o pel p in ed in 6 in Sibi by hilip he Moldavian i al o ho gh o be a ep in of he go iş e o pel f om . he ame i a med fo n me o subsequent tetraevangelions printed in the second half of the 16th century. However, some scientific studies have shown that there are textual variants in some of the early printed Cyrillic Gospels issued in the Middle Bulgarian (and also Serbian) recension of Church Slavonic [9]. It is worth mentioning that the first te aevangelion p in ed in goviş e served as a model not only for printers, but also for scribes. As proof of this claim, we can point the manuscript preserved at the library of the Romanian Academy of Science in Bucharest under number 503 [14]. This codex was copied f om he goviş e o pel, a i o namen a ion p ove , j yea after it was released, i.e. between 1532 and 1535. It can be deduced from the hi o ical info ma ion incl ded a he man c ip ’ colophon, ha a e ha Ioan Vlad Vin ilǎ ( влдаа), the son of Radu cel Mare (снь прѣдобраго и великааго гспдина радула воеводѣ), as the Great Voivode and the Lord of all lands of Ugro-Vallachia and Podunavia (великыи воєвода и гспдїнь вьсеи ꙁемли оугровлахїискои и подоунавїю), copied this soul saving Gospel manuscript (азь <…> написахь сїе дшеспсн книг четвороблговѣстїе). There are also other Gospel manuscripts copied from early printed tetraevangelions issued in later years. As an example, we can point to the Gospel manuscript preserved at the Historical Museum in Lviv No 36 or the Dragomirna Monastery No 1820, but it seems that both of these have been copied from a Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelion issued in Lviv in 1636. A textual research based on 90 Cyrillic tetraevangelions proved that all eleven Tetraevangelions issued on the territory of contemporary Romania occupy a special place in the Cyrillic printing history and deserve special attention. 4. Textual research of Romanian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions 4.1. Research sources Several selected texts from different parts of the tetraevangelions, i.e. the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, four prefaces of the Theophylact, archbishop of Bulgaria, and four Chapter Lists to the Gospels (ta. kefa, laia) were the point of research carried out on the basis of all early printed Cyrillic Romanian Tetraevangelions issued in Middle-Bulgarian recension of Church Slavonic in 4 The contribution of medieval Romania to Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions the 16th century. As an additional sources, many other early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions in the East Slavonic and Serbian recensions of Church Slavonic Language, issued in Moscow, Vilnius, Lviv, Kiev, Pochaiv, Belgrade and etc., were also examined. Only twenty Gospel editions from Moscow, all from the 18th century, were not explored in this research. Table 2. Textual variants of Romanian (and Serbian) Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions. All Ugro-Wallachian All tetraevangelions (and three Serbian Gospel of East Slavonic redaction Gospels) Mathew 5.3 цесарствиѥ небесноѥ цесарство аще же соль обꙋ етъ ни въ что же Mathew 5.13 къ чьсомꙋ можеть вꙋдетъ Mathew 5.28 любодеистова съ нею прѣлѭбы съвори Mathew 5.29 въвержено бꙋдетъ въ гееннꙋ въ гееннꙋ огненнꙋю развѣ словесе Mathew 5.32 развѣ словесе любодѣинаго прѣлюбодѣаннаго Mark 1.6 по съ оусмѣнъ о чреслѣхъ его оуснїань емоуже нѣсмь достоинъ преклонъ с Mark 1.7 поклонъ с раꙁдрѣшити ремень сапогъ его Mark 1.36 и гнаш его симонъ по немь Mark 2.9 что есть оудобѣе рещи раслабленомоу ослабленомоу Mark 2.12 и въста абие. и вꙁемъ одръ въставъ просадитъ вино (…) и вино пролиетъ Mark 2.22 пролѣетъ с с Mathew 40 аще лѣпо есть отъпоущати жены aще достоитъ поустити жен о въпросшимъ ꙁаконницѣ Mathew 54 о законницѣ or о въпрос щимъ ꙁаконницѣ Mathew 58 о дни и часѣ о дни ономь и часѣ Mark 7 о имꙋщемъ сꙋхꙋ рꙋкꙋ о имꙋщихъ сꙋхꙋ рꙋкꙋ Luke 33 о неповелѣннѣмъ въслѣдовати послѣдовати John 6 о цревѣ моужи о цсркомъ моужи о оутѣшители (or о послан и John 17 о параклитѣ ꙋтѣшител ) 4.2. Textual characteristics tetraevangelions all Romanian (and Serbian) Cyrillic This textual research demonstrated that all the early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions issued in Church Slavonic displayed a high degree of stability of the Gospel text in three different recensions. There were, however, some textual variants [15, 16] that enabled all Ugro-Wallachian (and also Serbian) 5 Ostapczuk/European Journal of Science and Theology 17 (2021), 1, 1-10 tetraevangelions to be excluded from the dominant East Slavonic Gospels group (Table 2). Table 3. Textual variants of older Romanian (and Serbian) Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions. All Gospels of East Slavonic Oldest Ugro-Wallachian redaction and five younger UgroGospels (1512, 1546, 1551Gospel Wallachian printed in 1561-1562, 1553 and 1583) (and three two 1579, 1582 and after 1582 Serbian) Mathew 3.17 конецъ богоꙗвлению конецъ праздникꙋ Mathew 4.2 изыде слꙋхъ его по всеи сѵрии въ вс сур Mathew 5.1, 20 цесарствиѥ небесноѥ цесарствo небесноѥ Mathew 5.2, 33 речено бысть древнимъ древними Mathew 5.24 шедъ прежде смири с иди Mathew 5.30 тѣло твое идетъ въ гееннꙋ въвержено бꙋдетъ Mathew 6.1 сꙋббота сыропꙋстна сырне eдинoго възлюбитъ eдинoго възненавидитъ Mathew 6.24 а дрꙋгаго възненавидитъ а дрꙋгаго възлюбитъ Mathew 8.1 въ слѣдъ его ид хꙋ идош Mathew 8.4 иже повелѣ въ законѣ моусии ommited въ законѣ Mathew 8.6 отрокъ (…) ослабленъ раслаблень Mathew 8.17 недꙋги (…) и болѣзни ꙁы (…) и нед гы Mathew 14.15 и чась оуже минꙋ година бѣ в сонмищи юдѣистѣⷨ incypit: въ врѣм оно чловѣкъ нѣкыи Mark 1.22 чловѣкъ бѣ въ сонмищи юдѣистѣ (except the tetra from 1583) Mark 1.36 симонъ и иже съ нимъ соущ и Mark 1.42 отъиде (…) прокажениѥ и чистъ быстъ очисти се Mark 2.3 нос ще раслаблена жилами omitted жилами Mark 2.14 и глагола емоу по мнѣ гр ди послѣдствоуи ми Mark 2.21 воꙁметъ конецъ его новое отъ ветхаго кончиноу Mathew 37 о въпросшихъ льстивнѣ о кинсонѣ omitted льстивнѣ Luke 39 о имꙋщимъ бѣса глꙋха бѣса нѣма Luke 51 о рекшыхъ (...) ирода ради за ирода Luke 62 о мытарии фарисеи о фарисеи и мытари о въпрошшихъ (...) архиерeeхъ и Luke 69 о въпрошшихъ (...) архиереехъ старцѣхъ Luke 70 о виноградѣ притча о виноградѣ 4.3. Textual characteristics of the oldest Romanian (and Serbian) Cyrillic tetraevangelions Another part of the textual readings is confirmed only by the four oldest early printed tetraevangelions from the territory of contemporary Romania, and 6 The contribution of medieval Romania to Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions also by three Serbian. None of the five other younger Ugro-Wallachian and none of the East Slavonic tetras share the textual variants presented in Table 3. 4.4. Textual characteristics of younger Romanian Cyrillic tetraevangelions Another part of textual readings is present only in five younger early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions issued on the territory of contemporary Romania, i.e. in 1561- 6 (B aşov), ice in 79 (Alba I lia and Sebeş), 8 and after 1582 (Monastery of Saint John near Bucharest). None of the other older Ugro-Wallachian (from 1512, 1546, 1551-1553 and 1583) and Serbian tetraevangelions (from 1537, 1552 and 1562) and all East Slavonic tetras share these textual variants (Table 4). Table 4. Textual variants of younger Romanian Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions. Five younger UgroAll of East Slavonic redaction, four Wallachian Gospels oldest Ugro-Wallachian (1512, Gospel (1561-1562, two from 1546, 1551-1553 and 1583) and 1579, 1582 and after three Serbian Tetraevangelions 1582) Mathew 4.17 цесарство небесное цесарствиѥ небесное Mathew 4.18 симона глаголемаго петра симона нарицаемаго петра Mathew 4.19 и глагола има градѣта по мнѣ и рече има идѣта по мнѣ Mathew 5.25 въверженъ бꙋдеши въвръжетъ т Mathew 5.32 творитъ ю прѣлюбодѣиствовати творитъ ю прѣлюбы дѣати Mathew 6.27 можетъ приложити възрастꙋ можетъ приложити тѣлеси богъ тако одѣеть богъ тако одѣлѣеть Mathew 6.30 не много ли паче васъ колми паче вамь Mathew 7.23 николиже знахъ васъ николиже познахъ васъ члвкъ есмь подъ властию Mathew 8.9 члвкъ есмь подъ властию оучинень Mathew 8.21 повели ми прежде ити повели ми прежде поити Mathew 13.48 злы иꙁвергош вънъ гнилы иꙁвергош вънъ Mathew 14.15 да шьдше въ вси да шьдше въ окръстны вси проповѣда (…) въ отъпоущение Mark 1.4 въ оставленїе грѣховъ Mark 1.5 и крщахоу с вьси въ иордани рѣцѣ въ орданстѣи рѣцѣ Mark 1.7 гр деть крѣплии мене гр дїи ꙁапрѣти (…) гл оумолчи. и иꙁыди Mark 1.25 иꙁыде иꙁ него Mark 1.26 и сътр се его доухъ нечистыи сътр сь из сънмища исход ще приидош въ Mark 1.29 omitted приидош домъ Mark 1.31 и пристоупль воꙁдвиже ю added ꙇс after пристоупль Mark 1.34 страждоуща раꙁличными недоугы зами 7 Ostapczuk/European Journal of Science and Theology 17 (2021), 1, 1-10 Mark 1.44 Mark 1.45 Mark 2.1 Mark 2.3 Mark 2.4 Mark 2.5 Mark 2.10 Mark 2.11 Mark 2.17 Mark 2.18 Mathew 66 Mark 6 Mark 20 Mark 40 Luke 25 Luke 69 ꙗже повелѣ моиси въ свѣдѣтелство имъ проповѣдати много и проносити слово. слышано бысть приидош къ немоу нос ще раслаблена одръ на немже раслабленыи лежаше глагола раслабленомоу глагола раслабленомоу воꙁми одръ твои и иди в домъ твои приꙁвати (…) но грѣшники на пока ниѥ и приидош и глаголаш емоу о отъмѣтании (or отъвержен и) петровѣ о леѵии мытари о гꙋгнивѣмъ и глꙋсѣ о въпрошении господнии о дщерѣ архисѵнагоговѣ о въпрошшихъ господа въ законѣ приносити слоухь бысть ослаблена ослабленыи рече ослабленомоу ослабленомоу свои въ покааниѥ рѣш о мѣтани петровѣ о леv и и мытари parallel chapter in лоука г parallel chapter in в о дъщи снагоговѣ о въпрошшихъ 4.5. Textual characteristics of the youngest Romanian Cyrillic tetraevangelion The youngest Ugro-Wallachian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelion, issued in 1583 in Sebeş (o B aşov), ha ome ex al va ian ha a e not confirmed in any examined Ugro-Wallachian, Serbian or East Slavonic tetraevangelions (Table 5). Table 5. Textual variants of Romanian Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions from 1583. All East Slavonic and Serbian The Ugro-Wallachian with eight Ugro-Wallachian (except Tetraevangelion from Gospel 1583) 1583 Mathew 5.14 не можетъ градъ оукрыти с крыти сe Mathew 5.19 иже (…) разоритъ единꙋ заповѣдеи ѿ заповѣдеи Mathew 8.5 Incipit: въ врем оно въшьдшꙋ пришедшꙋ Mathew 13.14 подобно есть цесарствиѥ цесарство Mathew 15.3 за преданиѥ ваше прѣщен е Mathew 1.9 бꙑсть въ онѣхъ днехъ по днехь тѣх Mathew 1.16 видѣ симона и андре брата того симона того Mark 1.37 глаголаш емоу ꙗко вси тебе ищоутъ ищемь Mathew 48 о въпрошшихъ га въпрошени Mathew 55 о вопрошении совѣ (or господни) господа Mark 25 о преображении свѣ спасовѣ Luke 35 о въпрошшемъ законницѣ о въпрошшиХ законницѣХ 8 The contribution of medieval Romania to Cyrillic early printed tetraevangelions 5. Conclusions All the textual variants revealed in this research have allowed us to distinguish the nine examined early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions issued on the territory of contemporary Romania in Church Slavonic Language into the two groups. The first group comprises four Gospels issued in:  goviş e ( ),  two in Sibiu (in 1546 and 1551-1553),  and in 1583 in Sebeş o B aşov, hich ha ome n al ex al va ian in comparison with the other examined tetraevangelions. The second group comprises five Gospels issued in:  B aşov ( 6 -1562),  Alba Iulia (1579),  Sebeş ( 79),  and in the Monastery of Saint John on the River Colentina near Bucharest in 1582 and after 1582. It is worth to mention that three Serbian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions, issued in Ruino (1537), Belgrade (1552) and Mrkšina C kva (1562) belong to fist group of the Romanian Cyrillic Tetraevangelions. The youngest Ugro-Wallachian Tetragospel from the first group - printed in 83 (in Sebeş o B aşov) - can be classified into a separate subgroup, as only this tetra has certain very unusual textual variants that were not confirmed in any other examined early printed Cyrillic Gospels. Comparing the dates of these two tetraevangelion groups and the names of their printers, it can easily be observed that all the Ugro-Wallachian tetragospels can be divided into two textual groups:  the textual tradition of Hie omonk Maca ie’ o pel ( ) - continued in Transylvania by the Gospel of Philip the Moldavian (1546 and 1551-1553) and Serbia by monk Theodosie (1537) and hieromonk Mardarie (1552 and 1562),  the textual tradition of Deacon Core i’ o pel (1561/62 and 1579) con in ed in an ylvania by he o pel of diak Deacon Lo inț ( 79) and Hieromonk Laurentie (1582 and after 1582). This division of all the Ugro-Wallachian early printed Cyrillic tetraevangelions into two groups shows new opportunities for textual research of he o pel ’ ex in Ch ch Slavonic, and p ove he impo ance of he tetraevangelions issued in the 16th century on the territory of contemporary Romania. References [1] J. Ostapczuk, Sobotnie i niedzielne perykopy liturgiczne z Ewangelii Mateusza w cerkiewnosłwiańskich lekcjonarzach krótkich, Wydawnictwo Naukowe ChAT, Warszawa, 2013, 137-155. 9 Ostapczuk/European Journal of Science and Theology 17 (2021), 1, 1-10 [2] A. Mitu, Le traitment automatique des données moyen d`identification et de mise en valeur du livre en slavon imprimé en Roumaine au XVI-e siècle, in Najstarsze druki cerkiwnosłowiańskie i ich stosunek do tradycji rękopiśmiennej. Materiały z sesji Kraków 7-10 XI 1991, Drukarnia UJ, Kraków, 1993, 322-325. [3] H. Miklas, Das Tetraevangelium des Makarije aus dem Jahre 1512. Der erste kirchenslavische Evangeliendruck. Faksimile-Ausgabe, in Biblia Slavica, Vol. 1, Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn, 1999, XII-XIV. [4] L.I Sazonova, Knigi krilličeskoi pečati vo vtoroj polovine XVI veka meždu Rimom i Moskvoj, in Izdanija krillovskogo šrifta vtoroj poloviny XVI veka. Svodnyj katalog, A.A. Guseva (ed.), Izdatelstvo Indrik, Moskva, 2003, 1242-1244, 12721285. [5] I. Petrov, Od inkunabułów do pierwszych gramatyk. Konteksty rozwoju bułgarskiego języka literackiego (koniec XV - początek XVII wieku), Wydawnictwo UŁ, Łódź, 2015. [6] E. Mârza, Annales Universitatits Apulensis. Series Historica, 8 (2004) 59. [7] P. Atanasov, Staroblgarska literature, 1 (1971) 418. [8] G. Stabile, Studia Ceranea. Journal of the Waldemar Ceran Research Centre for the History and Culture of the Mediterranean Area and South-East Europe, 9 (2019) 59. [9] K. Mano-Zisi, Arxeografski prilozi, 25 (1988) 244. [10] E.L. Nemirovskij, Načalo knigopečatanija v Valaxii, in Istorija slavjanskogo kirillovskogo knigopečatanija XV - načala XVII veka, Vol. 3, Nauka, Moskva, 2008. 433. [11] M. Polimirova, odišnik na Sofij kija nive i e v. Klimen Ox id ki. Cen za Slavjano-Vizan ij ki p o čvanija Ivan D jčev, 97(16) (2011) 218. [12] D. Ivanova, Slavjanska filologija, 25 (2013) 28-29. [13] A.V. Voznesenskij, Nacional’naja Biblioteka, 1(7) (2016) 39-40. [14] P.P. Panaitescu, Catalogul Manuscriselor Slavo-Române şi slave sin Biblioteca Academiei Române, Vol. II, Editura Academiei Române, B c eş i, 2003, 338-340. [15] J. Ostapczuk, Evangelie ot Marka v staropečatnyx izdanijax bogoslužebnyx četveroevangelij, in Slavjanskaja Biblija v èpoxu rannego knigopečatanija. K 510letiju sozdanija biblejskogo sbornika Matfeja Desjatogo, A.A. Alekseev (ed.), Izda el vo škin kogo Doma, Sankt-Peterburg, 2017, 359-362. [16] J. Ostapczuk, Slovĕne In e na ional Jo nal of Slavic Studie, 7(2) (2018) 62-73. 10