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3G kpi PARAMETERS
Deepak ChoudharyRelated papers
Intelligenza artificiale per legge
Intelligenza artificiale e tutela della persona umana. Le implicazioni etico-giuridiche dell'IA, 2024
L'IA sta attuando trasformazioni economiche e sociali con un'accelerazione tale da indurre il diritto europeo ad approntarne una regolazione con un'apposita legge (Artificial Intelligence Act). Le principali nozioni (legale, tecnologica e ibrida) dell'IA, che si rappresenta come paradigma innovativo dell'odierno tecnodiritto, sono esaminate nella prospettiva teorica dell'informatica giuridica, rilevando la possibilità di attribuire una vera e propria "personalità elettronica" a robot sofisticati, tenendo conto della criticità del paragone tra esseri umani e macchine.
Transport Containers from the Apsaros Fortress (Modern Gonio), Georgia (1st–7th century AD). A Preliminary Overview of Forms and Fabrics - P. Komar, A. Rogava, T. Motskobili
ŚWIATOWIT Supplement Series C: Pontica et Caucasica, vol. IV , 2024
This overview of transport containers from the Roman fort of Apsaros (modern Gonio) in Georgia, excavated by a Polish–Georgian expedition since 2014, presents the most common forms and fabrics based on a database that includes 1243 diagnostic fragments from both the Roman and Byzantine periods. These preliminary results (the excavations are still ongoing) show that the supply of amphora-born commodities came predominantly from the eastern and southern Black Sea region, making it thus a local or regional network. Interestingly, in the 1st–3rd centuries AD, Aegean imports, probably in the form of better quality wine and olive oil for the camp command elite, were much more popular than those from the northern Black Sea region, the latter occurring only sporadically. Moreover, the West Pontic area apparently played no part in supplying Apsaros because containers produced in the territories of modern Bulgaria or Romania have not been identified so far in any of the assemblages from the site. The pattern of supply did not change considerably from the Roman to the Byzantine period, but regionalization evidently increased as indicated by the statistically insignificant number of imports from outside the Black Sea region during Late Antiquity.
A CASE STUDY ON TRANSLANGUAGING IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL) CLASS AMONG PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS THROUGH THE LENS OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (CJMS), 2024
The purpose of this case study was to explore and describe the practice and implications of translanguaging in English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, specifically focusing on public high schools through the perspective of the language teachers in the schools division of Davao Oriental, Philippines. Utilizing a qualitative research design, this case study captured comprehensive insights from the 10 participants through face-to-face in-depth interviews. The data gathered from the interview were then analyzed through thematic analysis. Based from the results, four themes were identified on the language teachers’ description of translanguaging in ESL, namely: process involving translation, opportunity to use mother tongue, way to gain confidence, and ability to communicate using different languages. With regards to the reasons why language teachers use translanguaging, five themes emerged: being student-centered, ensuring comprehension, encouraging student participation, acknowledging cultural and linguistic diversity, and catering to diverse learning needs. In the benefits and drawbacks of translanguaging arise six themes; under benefits: scaffolding learning, benefits on group collaboration; and under drawbacks: dependency on native language, ineffectiveness in developing writing skills, limited exposure to the English language, and inconsistency with language competency. Moreover, on the description of the English language development, four themes were identified: need for further development, average competence level in English, observed improvement, and hampered learning. Lastly, on the insights of the language teacher on translanguaging, four themes were discovered: necessity of regulating translanguaging, conflicting view on translanguaging, support for inclusive learning, and aid for learning assessment. With the results revealing the duality of standpoints on translanguaging practice in ESL classes, a need for a balanced and strategic use of translanguaging should be sought as to ensure that it improves, rather than hinders, students’ language learning experience.
Bar-Kokhban Seals from Ḥorbat Yatir, Scripta Classica Israelica 43 (2024), pp. 211-230
Scripta Classica Israelica 43, 2024
Excavations carried out in a fortress in the northern Negev dated to the period of the Bar-Kokhba Revolt against the Romans (132–135 C.E.) uncovered locally made stone seals and related objects used by the rebel authorities of the place, which possibly functioned as an administrative center for the preparation of special fabrics. A round seal bears a Paleo-Hebrew inscription forming a date, while a rectangular seal bears a Paleo-Hebrew inscription related to the spinning of yarn. A stone with a flattened surface was used to practice the engraving of mirrored Paleo-Hebrew and Jewish letters on seals. Another seal bears indecipherable scribbles, and a fifth object bears geometric designs. The Paleo-Hebrew inscriptions on the seals are hitherto the only known exemplars, apart from the Bar-Kokhban coins and two unprovenanced lead weights, of inscriptions in this script related to the Bar-Kokhban administration.
Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................6
Chapter 2 KPI definition template................................................................................................7
Chapter 3 KPI classification........................................................................................................8
Chapter 4 Coverage KPIs...........................................................................................................10
4.1 UL Interference Cell Ratio...............................................................................................10
4.2 Soft Handover Ratio........................................................................................................10
Chapter 5 Accessibility KPIs.....................................................................................................12
5.1 IU Paging Success Ratio.................................................................................................12
5.2 Radio Access Success Ratio...........................................................................................12
5.3 RRC Setup Success Ratio (other)...................................................................................13
5.4 RRC Setup Success Ratio (service)................................................................................14
5.5 AMR RAB Setup Success Ratio......................................................................................15
5.6 VP RAB Setup Success Ratio.........................................................................................16
5.7 CS RAB Setup Success Ratio.........................................................................................17
5.8 PS RAB Setup Success Ratio.........................................................................................18
Chapter 6 Retainability KPIs......................................................................................................20
6.1 CS Service Drop Ratio....................................................................................................20
6.2 AMR Call Drop Ratio.......................................................................................................20
6.3 VP Call Drop Ratio..........................................................................................................21
6.4 AMR Traffic Drop Ratio...................................................................................................22
6.5 VP Traffic Drop Ratio......................................................................................................23
6.6 PS Service Drop Ratio....................................................................................................23
Chapter 7 Mobility KPIs.............................................................................................................25
7.1 Soft Handover Success Ratio..........................................................................................25
7.2 Softer Handover Success Ratio.......................................................................................25
7.3 Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio................................................................26
7.4 Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio................................................................27
7.5 CS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GSM)..............................................27
7.6 PS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GPRS)............................................28
7.7 PS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (GPRS to WCDMA)............................................29
7.8 SRNC Relocation Preparation Success Ratio..................................................................30
7.9 TRNC Relocation Preparation Success Ratio..................................................................31
Chapter 8 Service Integrity KPIs................................................................................................32
8.1 PS Service UL Average Throughput................................................................................32
8.2 PS Service DL Average Throughput................................................................................33
8.3 Service UL Average BLER..............................................................................................34
8.4 Call Setup Delay.............................................................................................................34
8.5 DL RLC Average Retransmission Ratio...........................................................................35
Chapter 9 Availability KPIs........................................................................................................37
9.1 Worst Cell Ratio..............................................................................................................37
9.2 IU Paging Congestion Ratio............................................................................................37
9.3 Admission Refused Ratio................................................................................................38
9.4 Congested Cell Ratio......................................................................................................39
9.5 Unserviceable Cell Ratio.................................................................................................40
9.6 Average CPU Load.........................................................................................................41
9.7 IUB Bandwidth Utilizing Ratio..........................................................................................42
Chapter 10 Traffic KPIs..............................................................................................................44
10.1 CS Equivalent Erlang....................................................................................................44
10.2 PS UL Throughput........................................................................................................44
10.3 PS DL Throughput........................................................................................................45
10.4 UL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers...............................................................................46
10.5 DL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers...............................................................................47
10.6 UL Throughput of QoS Classes.....................................................................................48
10.7 DL Throughput of QoS Classes.....................................................................................48
Chapter 11 ANNEX.....................................................................................................................50
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