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2016, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
Radicals tells the story of a group of radical Malay men and women from ordinary social backgrounds who chose to oppose foreign rule of their homeland, knowing full well that by embarking on this path of resistance, they would risk imprisonment or death. Their ranks included teachers, journalists, intellectuals, housewives, peasants, preachers, and youths. They formed, led, and contributed to the founding of political parties, grassroots organizations, unions, newspapers, periodicals, and schools that spread their ideas across the country in the aftermath of the Great Depression, when colonialism was at its height and evident in all areas of life in their country. But when their efforts to uproot foreign dominance faltered in the face of the sanctions the state imposed upon them, some of these radicals chose to take up arms, while others engaged in aggressive protests and acts of civil disobedience to uphold their rights. While some died fighting and hundreds were incarcerated, many lived to resist colonialism until their country attained its independence in August 1957, all of these Malay radicals were devoted to becoming free men and women and to claiming their right to be treated as equals in a world riddled with prejudice and contradictions. Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied’s innovative study brings to light the less charted and unanalyzed terrain of the radical experience—becoming and being radical. He argues that the experiences and histories of radicals in colonial Malaya can be elucidated in a more nuanced way by interrogating them alongside evolving local and global circumstances and by analyzing them through the lenses of a set of overarching and interconnected mobilizing concepts—a set of ideas, visions, and notions that the radicals used to reason and justify their advent—that were internalized, lived, and utilized in the course of their activism. These mobilizing concepts were their weapons and armor, employed to organize, strategize, protect, and consolidate themselves when menaced by the tentacles of the colonial state as they embarked upon the agonizing path towards independence. Those interested in Malaysian history, colonial history, radical movements, and resistance groups will enjoy this fascinating study.
This article seeks to redress the established scholarly boundaries that have thus far characterized Malaysian historiography through a detailed analysis of a Malay radical women's movement, the Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS). Although much has been written in the last few decades about Malay political activism during post World War II Malaya, radical female groups that emerged during those event- ful years, and their efforts to carve autonomous spaces within emerging projects of national liberation has suffered from considerable neglect. By blending the use of colonial and vernacular sources to contextualize the activities of AWAS within the changing social and political landscapes of its time, this article shows that female radical activists in post World War II colonial Malaya were confronted with multiple hegemonies that worked to stifle their development. These hegemonies originated, first, from within their own society in the form of customary conventions and practi- ces associated with class differences. AWAS also had to contend with censure and disciplinary actions from their male compatriots, who regarded them as threats to male dominance in radical politics. Finally, AWAS came under the watchful eye and proscriptive measures of the colonial state that sought to regain its control over its Asian subjects in an age of decolonization. The members of this radical collective struggled to overcome these hegemonies by drawing upon a whole array of relation- ships and connections to advance their cause, albeit with limited success.
Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia Journal, 2003
The debate which arose between the ruling United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the opposition Democratic Action Party (DAP) in early September 2005, concerning the history of Malaysia’s independence movement, necessitates a re-appraisal of the organisations and personalities involved. This article re-assesses the period and actors involved in bringing to fruition Malaysian independence. By utilising mainly authoritative secondary sources, the reconstructed history belies the argument of the ruling elites that they inherit the mantle of ‘real independence fighters’ from their political ancestors. Although the sources are readily available in Malaysian libraries, the truths contained in them have eluded the general public. Thus, to laypeople, political history in Malaysia has been what ruling politicians tell them and what they find in school textbooks, which have been approved by the powers that be. This article reveals that pre-independence Malaysian history is replete with contradictions and paradoxes which may transform perceptions of who were and were not independence heroes.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Modern Asian Studies, 2003
Globalizations, 2015
This article focuses on the idea of ‘colonial modernity’ to pursue a dual theoretical purpose: to interrogate the givenness of ‘modernity’ as an overarching and over-determining epistemological framework; and, secondly, to indicate how movements against colonial modernity were part of a ‘deep, global infrastructure of anti-colonial connectivity’. By examining a number of Islamic movements in the Dutch Indies and in British Malaya, this article seeks to map out some of the translocal spaces created and occupied by these movements, which linked North Africa to Saudi Arabia and to South East Asia. The focus on translocality speaks also to the existence and enactment of exteriorities to modernity. My deployment of ‘exteriority’ signals here certain historical, political, and cultural lateral relations among colonial spaces, through which the colonized generate and activate what June Nash calls ‘counterplots’ to colonial modernity.
2014
This article discusses the historiography of Malay nationalism based on the historical writings and interpretations of local historians. By utilising authoritative secondary sources and official British documents, this study attempts to trace the various schools of opinion on the political struggle that occurred in Malaya between 1945 and 1957. This study shows that the local historiography of Malay nationalism to date has largely focused on the history of political struggle within the United Malays National Organization (UMNO). Thus, the role played by other nationalist movements has not received proper attention in historical writings, as such movements have been considered unimportant. Several recent studies emphasise the role played by the leftist movement, but they are insufficient and tend to associate or equate leftist movements with communism. This study attempts to explain that there were other Malay nationalist movements, in addition to the right wing, leftist and communis...
The late development of industrialism, socialism and national liberation movements in much of South-East Asia and Oceania saw anarchism emerge as a marginal force – with the exception of the Spanish- then US-occupied Philippines, British-occupied Malaya (Malaysia and Singapore), and Dutch- and Portuguese-occupied East Indies (Indonesia and East Timor) where it developed as a key component of the anti-colonial struggle. This text, provided especially for the Indonesian PPR, is a slightly modified extract from Michael Schmidt, In the Shadow of a Hurricane: Global Anarchist Ideological and Organisational Lineages, publication forthcoming.
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