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1 Natalia Galatsky Наталия Галацкая BapMau;1rn Ha TeM)' c BapMan;m.IMM I16o He 3a6y,neM: JIHpHKa TeMHOe - y51cmi:eT, 51BHoe )K:e cKpbrnaeT. Ka)K:.[(bIH CTHx Visual aspects of life, I am afraid, always mattered to me more than its content Joseph Brodsky peqeHHe CHBHJIJlbI, T0 ecTb 6ecKOHeqHo 60JlbIUe qeM CKa3aJI 513bIK. MapuHa I.(6emae6a CTMXOTBOpeHHe Hocmpa Epo)].CKOrO "/.(epe85f,HHblU JlaOKOOH... 11 5IBJI5IeTC5I 0)],IDIM M3 caMbIX 3araP,oqHbIX TeKCT0B IJ;MKJia �acmb pettu. '.:ho rnecToe II0 cqfay CTMX0TBopeHHe B U:MKJie C0CT05IIIJ;eM M3 20 CTMXOTBOpeHHii. B 3T0M TeKCTe eCTh u;eJiblli p5I)]. MeTacpop, K0T0pbie Il CaMM II0 ce6e He BII0JIHe rrpo3paqHhI Il CB5I3h Me)K.P,y HMMM, Ha rrepBbIH B3rJ15I)],, He 5ICHa. ,[J;epeB5IHHhlli Jia0K00H, c6pocMB Ha BpeM5I ropy c IIJieq, II0)],CTaBJI5IeT MX II0)], orpoMttyID Tyqy. C MhICa HaJieTaIDT nopbIBhI pe3Koro BeTpa.ronoc CTapaeTC5I yP,ep)K.aTb CJI0Ba, B3BM3rttyB, B rrpeP,eJiax CMbICJia. 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HMeHHo CHHTaKcJiqecKMe TepMMHbI "3a cer0)],H5IIIIHHM )],HeM CT0MT Heil0)],BM2KH0 3aBTpa, / KaK CKa3yeMoe 3a II0)],J1e2Kall1,MM 11 rrpMBJieKaJIM )],0 CMX nop 0CH0BH0e BHMMaHHe MCCJie)],OBaTeJieii. 2 Me2KP,y TeM, CMhICJI CTMX0TB0peHM5I M M0TMBaIJ;M5I MeTacpopMqecKOH lCTHXOTBopeHHe QHTHpyeTC51 rro rrepB0MY H3.[(aHHIO c6opHHKa Hocm:p Epo,ncKHii: Cfacmb pettu, Ardis, Ann Arbor Michgan, USA, 1977, cTp. 82. 2no,npo6HbIH aHaJIH3 CTHX0TB0peHH51 6bIJl rrpe.nrrpHH51T IOne TI51pJIH B ee CTaTbe "CHHTaKCHC H CMbICJI. QHKJI qacTb peqH I1. Epo,ncKoro" MoöepHU3M u IlocmMoöepHU3M 6 PyccKou Jlumepamype u Ky.llbmype, Slavica Helsingiensia 16, Helsinki 1996, 409-418; 06 3THX cTpoKax IIHIIIeT H )J:eHHc AxarrKHH B cBoeii: 2 Natalia Galatsky II0CJle,Q0BaTeJlbH0CTH MoryT 6bITb II0IDITbI rrpH o6pa:rn;eHHl1 K 11HTepTeKCTYaJlbH0My acrreKTY CTHX0TB0pemrn. O,QH11M 113 113BeCTHbIX MeT0,Q0B, K0T0pbIM aKTHBH0 II0Jlb3yeTC5I Epo,QCKHH, 5IBJ15IeTC5I Ha3bIBaHHe HMeH JlHTepaTypHbIX rrepc0Ha2Kefi HJlH HCT0p111IeCKHX J1111IHOCTefi. KaK rrpaBHJlo, TaKoe Ha3bIBaHHe Be,ri:fu K pa3Bopa1IHBaHHIO KaKoro-J1H60 orrpe,ri:eJ1eHHoro 11 CI02KeTa HJlH p5I,Qa HHBapHaHTHbIX CI02KeT0B, T.e. K C03,QaHHIO "Mm:poJ1oreM .3 B rrepBOH CTpOKe Mbl BCTpe-qaeM JlerKO OII03HaBaeMoe HM5I J1aOKOOH, HO HaIIHCaHH0e C MaJleHbKOH 6yKBbI H C He06bI1IHbIM orrpe,ri:eJleHHeM ",ri:epeB5IHHbIH 11 • HarrHCaHHe C MaJleHbKOH 6yKBbI c11rHaJ1II3Hpycr 0 rrpeBpaIIIeHHH 11MeHH co6cTBeHHOro B Hap�aTeJlbH0e, a B ,ri:aHHOM CJ1y1Iae H O rrpeBpa:rn;eHHH 1IeJ10BeKa B rrpe,ri:MeT. O,QHaKo, B KaKOM 6hI Harr11caHHH 3T0 HM5I He II05IBJ15IJ10Cb B II03TH1IeCKOM TeKCTe, ORO HMeeT oco6y10 3HalIHMOCTb. Tp05IHCKl1H 2Kpeu: J1aOKOOH qmrypnpyeT B rpel!eCKOH MHCl)OJlOrHH, 5IBJ15IeTC5I 0,QHIIM H3 repoeB 3HeUObl 11 BeprHJ1115I, HO, B rrepByIO Ol!epe,Qh, BbI3bIBaeT B rraM5ITl1 caMyIO JlHTepaTyp113Hp0BaHttyl0 CKYJlbIITYPY B 11CTOpHH HCKYCCTBa: JlaOKOOH C CblHOBb5l.MU 6opemc5{, co 3.Me5l.MU. 4 11 M JlHTepaTypHbIH, H BH3YaJlbHblli o6pa3 J1aOKOOHa peJ1eBaHTHbI )];J15I aHaJ1113a 3Toro CTl1X0TB0peHl15I. B113yaJlhHbIH o6pa3 (CKYJlbIITypa), C orrpe,n;eJ1eHHeM ''.n;epeB5IHHbIH 1 1 M02KHO paccMaTp11BaTb KaK MeTacpop111IeCKOe orr11catt11e 1IaCTl1 rrefi3a2Ka - .n;epeBa C rrepeKpy1IeHHbIMl1 0T IIOCT05IHH0ro BeTpa BeTB5IMl1, HaII0MHHaIOIIJ;l1Ml1 3KCIIpeccHIO 3HaMeH11TOH aHTHlIHOH CKYJlbIITYPHOH rpyIIIIbI. 3.n;ecb ",ri:epeB5IHHbIH 11 - 3T0 He C,QeJlaHHblli 113 ,ri:epeBa, a caMO .n;epeBO. Ilo HOpMe CJ10BOyrroTpe6J1eHl15I rrpaBl1JlhHee 6bIJ10 6bI CKa3aTb ".n;peBeCHbIH 11 • Ho 11MeHHO 3TOT C.JJ:Bl1r B C01IeTaeMOCTl1 CJlOBa ,5crroco6cTBYIOIIIHH rrpeo6pa30BaHHIO JlOrIIl!eCKOro orrpe,n;eJ1emrn B 3IIHTeT, .n;aeT B03M02KHOCTb paccMaTpHBaTb 11 CJl0B0COl!eTaHHe ".n;epeB5IHHbIH Jla0KOOH KaK MaKCHMaJlbttyIO KOMIIpeccHIO O,QHOH cu:eHbI 113 3HeUObl BeprnJ1115I H, lIT0 cyIIIeCTBeHHO, cu:eHbI Ha 6epery MOp5I ( )Kpeu: J1aoKOOH yroBap11BaeT Tp05IHu;eB He 6paTb B ropo.n; .n;epeB5IHHOro KOH5I). CorJlaCHO BeprnJ1HIO, HaKa3aHl1e (3Mel1, rrpHIIJlbIBIIIHe IIO M0pIO 3a,n;yIIIHJ1l1 J1aOKOOHa 11 ero CbIHOBefi) IIOCTl1rJ10 Ka.H,[Ul,[(aTcKoii: ,[(HccepTa.Il,Hll ©uJ10J1ocuttecKa5t Mema(j)opa 6 no33uu Hocu(j)a EpoocKoca, CaHKT­ ileTep6ypr, 2002. 3 TepMHH 3.r. MHHU:. CM. "CIIMBOJI y EJioKa" Russian Literature, 1979, Vol. VII-III, p 199. 4nepBoe yrroMIIHaHHe 06 3Toii: CKYJibnTypttoii: rpyrrrre ecTb y)Ke B HamypaJ1bHoii ucmopuu ilJIIIHIIH, noToM B pH,D,e TeKCTOB peHeccattca II 6apOKKO II, B KOHQe KOHU:OB CKYJibIITypa IIOilaJia B JIHTepaTypy O JIHTepaType, a IIMeHHo B ,D,Ba 3HaMeHHTbIX 3cce: JieccHHra (1766 r.) Laokoon, oder Uber die Grenzen der Malerej und Poesie II feTe (1797-98) rr. Uber Laokoon .. 5Becb QHKJI lfaCTb PeqH ,[l,eMOHCTpHpyeT pa3Hbie BH,[l,bl 3CTeTHqecKH 3HaqIIMoro 11 KOCHOH3biqa51". KocHOH3blqHe KaK npHeM, HCilOJib3yeTCH, B OCHOBHOM, ,[l,JIH ,D,eMOHCTpao:HH 3aTpy,D,HeHHOCTH peqH HJIH npou:ecca noTepH peqH. 14 Natalia Galatsky 11 11 CKa3yeMbIM.42 CaMo )Ke CJIOBO IlO)],Jie)Karn:ee" "ycTparrnaeTC5I MMeHHO B KOHI(e 11 npe)],JIO)KeHirn. CMHTaKCMC IlhITaeTC5I "c6poCMTh ,ri:yrnarn:ee CO,D,ep)KaHMe. ,[vJM)KeHMe JIMpMqecKoro CIO)KeTa M,D,eT OT BM3YaJihHOro npeTeKCTa K JIMHrBMCTMqecKOM HarJI5I)],HOCTM, 11 a MHTepTeKCTyaJibHhIM ypoBeHb CTMXOTBOpeHM5I He TOJibKO TeMHOe - Y5ICH5IeT"' HO M IlO)],)],ep)KMBaeT KOrepeHTHOCTh TeKCTa. Becb CKpblTblM CMbICJI CTMXOTBOpeHM5I MO)KeT 6bITh OnMCaH CJIOBaMM QBeTaeBOM O Ma5IKOBCKOM B ee 3CCe 3noc u JlUpUl<:a coepe.MeHHOU Poccuu. "JiaoKOOH M3 KO)KM He BbIJie3eT HMKOr,D,a, HO BblJIC3aeT ecer�a, HO He BbIJie3eT HMKOr,D,a, M TaK ,n:o 6eCKOHeqHOCTM. B JiaOKOOHe ,D,aHo BhlJIC3aHHe U3: CTaTMKa )],MHaMMKM... EMy' KaK MOpID, IlOJIO)KeH 3aKOH M npe�eJI. 11 43 Благодаря движению лирического сюжета от визуального претекста через ряд литературных претекстов к лингистической наглядности, интертекстуальный уровень создает дополнительную когерентность всего текста стихотворения "Деревянный Лаоокоон". Показанная нами доминанта пастернаковских претекстов превращает текст стихотворения в еще одну "вариацию" на тему язык – творчество – время − судьба, а также способствует укреплению интертекстуальных связей всего цикла "Часть Речи". Статья опубликована в: Telling Forms: 30 essays in honour of Peter Alberg Jensen / [ed] Karin Grelz, Sussana Witt, Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 2004, s. 68-83" 42 Ha :no o6paTIIJUI BHIIMrurne MHOrne IICCJle,!],OBaTeJUI, Ha IIpIIMep J1 3y6oBa, lOJ1J1e lfapJ11I, ,[J;eHIIC AxarrKIIH. CTOIIT o6paTIITIITb BHIIMaHIIe II Ha TO, qTo CJlOB0 11 HeIIO,!l,Bm1rno 11 BXO,!l,IIT B rrpe,!l,IIKaTIIBHYIO rpyrrrry' ycIIJllIBaJI 11 HeIIO,!l,BII2KHOCTb Il CKa3yeMoro. 43 MapIIHa ll.BeTaeBa, 1'136paHHa5I rrp03a B ,!l,BYX TOMax 1917-1937, T.11, CTp. 249-279. ll.BeTaeBa OIIIICbIBaeT 6opb6y rro:na II rpa)K,!l,aHIIHa - KaK BHyTpeHIOIO 6oph6y MaJIKOBCKOrO, B CJlyqae EpO,!l,CKOro pe% II,!],eT BHyTpeHHeii: 6opb6e II03Ta-II3rHaHHIIKa )KIIBYW:ero B ,!],BYX 5I3bIKOBbIX II3MepeHII1!X..