El desarrollo de la investigación científica pone de manifiesto la relevancia que tiene la ética a la hora de diseñar y aprobar protocolos de investigación. A los desafíos tradicionales, se suma el impacto de la globalización en lo que se... more
El desarrollo de la investigación científica pone de manifiesto la relevancia que tiene la ética a la hora de diseñar y aprobar protocolos de investigación. A los desafíos tradicionales, se suma el impacto de la globalización en lo que se refiere a aspectos culturales que deben ser tomados en cuenta (por ejemplo, en el consentimiento informado y el asentimiento informado en menores de edad), pero fundamentalmente respecto de lo moralmente permisible en experimentación, que se ha focalizado por tradición, en lo relacionado con el cumplimiento o no de normas y pautas internacionalmente aceptadas, mas no en la evaluación y categorización del daño infligido como consecuencia de la investigación. Es imposible desconocer los aportes que H. K. Beecher realizó a la farmacología clínica, especialmente en el abordaje del dolor y a la ética médica especialmente en la forma en que se produce el conocimiento científico. Estos aportes produjeron cambios en la metodología de la investigación, prom...
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Fil: Mendez, Carlos Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontologia. Catedra de Farmacologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto... more
Fil: Mendez, Carlos Fernando. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontologia. Catedra de Farmacologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas; Argentina
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Resumen Los avances científico-tecnológicos revolucionaron la historia de la medicina. En este artículo, procuramos realizar un breve análisis de los principales dilemas éticos que han surgido como consecuencia del desarrollo tecnológico... more
Resumen Los avances científico-tecnológicos revolucionaron la historia de la medicina. En este artículo, procuramos realizar un breve análisis de los principales dilemas éticos que han surgido como consecuencia del desarrollo tecnológico a partir de la mitad del siglo XX, y procuramos focalizar en el estudio acerca de cómo han abordado estas cuestiones los primeros comités de bioética del mundo. Empeza por la Comisión de Seattle hasta considerar las propuestas sobre la autonomía del paciente, se destaca la creciente toma de conciencia sobre los nuevos escenarios en que se desarrolla la relación médico-paciente, la cual paulatinamente ha dejado de ser diádica para dar cabida a la participación de diversos actores.
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In this paper we attempt a historical approach on some aspects related to the emergence, evolution and consolidation of Bioethics as a discipline. We focus on analyzing the number of publications containing the word Bioethics from 1971 to... more
In this paper we attempt a historical approach on some aspects related to the emergence, evolution and consolidation of Bioethics as a discipline. We focus on analyzing the number of publications containing the word Bioethics from 1971 to 2011. We analyze briefly the dominant theme in every year in that period and also the registering indexed journals containing the term Bioethics in English or Spanish. We found that the number of publications with the term bioethics was 1 in 1971 rising to 2997 in 2011. There were 31 journals that met the search requirement, since 1976, of which 23 are still running. Regarding the prevailing theme, beyond the usual topics such as abortion, euthanasia, transplants, etc., highlights the contributions around the education of professionals in the field, the creation and maintenance of bioethic committees, the linking between Bioethics and politics and the media, and the emergence of subspecialties such as Neurobioethics in recent years.
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Current statistics show that overweight and obesity are seriously increasing, mainly in occidental countries with high industrialization rate. Simultaneously sedentarism has increased as a consequence of technological comforts that the... more
Current statistics show that overweight and obesity are seriously increasing, mainly in occidental countries with high industrialization rate. Simultaneously sedentarism has increased as a consequence of technological comforts that the dominant market economy offers. Obesity, sedentarism, excessive adiposity, especially if centrally distributed, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia interact for cancer development. Visceral adipose tissue is considerate as an endocrine organ which produces and liberates cytokines and inflammatory peptides with hormonal and metabolic signals. Although there are several obesity-related types of cancer, in this paper we focus on digestive system tumors.
Research Interests: Humanities and Medicine
Current statistics show that overweight and obesity are seriously increasing, mainly in occidental countries with high industrialization rate. Simultaneously sedentarism has increased as a consequence of technological comforts that the... more
Current statistics show that overweight and obesity are seriously increasing, mainly in occidental countries with high industrialization rate. Simultaneously sedentarism has increased as a consequence of technological comforts that the dominant market economy offers. Obesity, sedentarism, excessive adiposity, especially if centrally distributed, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia interact for cancer development. Visceral adipose tissue is considerate as an endocrine organ which produces and liberates cytokines and inflammatory peptides with hormonal and metabolic signals. Although there are several obesity-related types of cancer, in this paper we focus on digestive system tumors.
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Histopathological effects of cAMP analog (8-Chloro-cAMP), tamoxifen, and medroxyprogesterone, alone or combined, upon BALB/c mice uteri are reported. 8-Chloro-cAMP diminished uterine weight, but did not modify its histopathology or estral... more
Histopathological effects of cAMP analog (8-Chloro-cAMP), tamoxifen, and medroxyprogesterone, alone or combined, upon BALB/c mice uteri are reported. 8-Chloro-cAMP diminished uterine weight, but did not modify its histopathology or estral cycle significantly. Tamoxifen diminished uterine weight showing cystic hyperplasia and an estral cycle arrested at diestrus. Medroxyprogesterone increased uterine weight, caused a swelling of the endometrium and a pseudopregnancy estrus. When combined with 8-Chloro-cAMP, tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone always had a predominant effect. We concluded that the effects of 8-Chloro-cAMP on mice uteri did not cause significant changes on its histopathology, but diminished its weight.
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The type of hormone dependence in mammary neoplasias is usually defined by the presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. At present, new advances in the knowledge related to the functionality of these receptors are... more
The type of hormone dependence in mammary neoplasias is usually defined by the presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. At present, new advances in the knowledge related to the functionality of these receptors are changing our previous concepts. Estrogen receptors classified as negative by biochemical or immunocytochemical methods because of deletions or mutations in their ligand-binding domain, are still able to regulate the expression of genes related to cellular proliferation. Receptors defined as positive, may present other defective domains with disappearance or distortion of their transcriptional function. As a result, regulation of the cellular proliferative process is distorted and the tumoral growth seems autonomous, as if the receptors were absent. The modular organization of the receptor molecule allows a relative functional independence of the constitutive domains. Functional assays to evaluate receptor behavior under different experimental or clinical...
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Cancer is a multistage process with sequential steps: initiation, promotion, progression. However, the distinction between the agents that can trigger any of these processes is less clear, depending on doses, biological stage of the... more
Cancer is a multistage process with sequential steps: initiation, promotion, progression. However, the distinction between the agents that can trigger any of these processes is less clear, depending on doses, biological stage of the tissue, molecular interactions, genomic and somatic mutation, etc. Thus, steroid receptors, classically considered as promoters, could be acting as initiators under different alterations. On the other hand, chemical carcinogens that can produce DNA damage leading to cellular transformation, in lower dosage are able to alter nuclear proteins which in turn favor the action of other agents triggering the initiation process. Transcription factors (TF) are nuclear proteins with particular structural configurations for their interaction with DNA. There are families of TF with specificity for certain nucleotide sequences called "response elements". The association TF-DNA response elements modulate the genomic transcription and synthesis of proteins, m...
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Because the etiology and progression of breast carcinoma remain unclear, novel mechanisms of disease pathogenesis need to be considered. Recent interest has focused on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic ubiquitous herpesvirus.... more
Because the etiology and progression of breast carcinoma remain unclear, novel mechanisms of disease pathogenesis need to be considered. Recent interest has focused on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic ubiquitous herpesvirus. Investigations of this association could not only broaden understanding of breast cancer etiology but also have implications regarding early detection, treatment, and prevention. To assess EBV presence in breast carcinoma in an Argentine series. Breast biopsy specimens of 69 women with breast carcinoma and fresh tumor tissue of 39 of these women were collected. As controls, 17 biopsy specimens of fibroadenomas, 9 of benign epithelial proliferation, 4 of atypical ductal hyperplasia, and 10 of usual ductal hyperplasia and 8 normal breast tissues from women were studied. The EBV-infected cells were identified by means of immunohistochemical analysis, using a monoclonal antibody against Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1). Polymerase chain re...
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Research Interests: Medicine and Gynecology
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Objective: The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone and the two selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) (tamoxifen (Tam) and raloxifene (Ral)) on the estrogen receptor (ER) conformers... more
Objective: The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone and the two selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) (tamoxifen (Tam) and raloxifene (Ral)) on the estrogen receptor (ER) conformers profile performed by size exclusion HPLC in relation to hormone dependence of mammary tumors. Materials and Methods: Two types of mammary tumors were studied: tumors transplanted in BALB/c mice that are medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-dependent for growth, and tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). Tumors from mice treated with MPA, E2, Tam or Ral and NMU-treated rats were analyzed and compared to that of control. Results: The tumor conformer profiles were as follows: control and MPA-treated mice showed only one peak (oligomeric form); E2-treated mice also showed only one peak (dimer); Tam-treated mice showed one peak corresponding to a possible proteolytic fragment, and Ral-treated mice s...
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Medicine, Estrogen Receptor, Internal Medicine, Mice, and 12 moreFemale, Animals, Estrogen, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Tamoxifen, Rats, Public health systems and services research, Growth rate, Protein Conformation, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, and Raloxifene
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A displacement assay with tamoxifen, based on the relative binding affinity of tamoxifen and estradiol for the estrogen receptor (ER), was proposed in 1990 as prognostic indicator for breast-cancer patients. Validation of its predictive... more
A displacement assay with tamoxifen, based on the relative binding affinity of tamoxifen and estradiol for the estrogen receptor (ER), was proposed in 1990 as prognostic indicator for breast-cancer patients. Validation of its predictive results in relation to the outcome of 73 patients with ER+ tumors is analyzed. ER, progesterone receptor (PgR) determinations and other conventional prognostic factors in relation to the displacement assay, were considered. Displacement assay results allowed ER+ tumors to be grouped as displaceable (D) or weakly displaceable (WD), with the implication that D tumors should respond better to tamoxifen (Tam) administration. Survival and disease-free interval curves showed highly significant differences between patients with ER+ D and ER+ WD tumors. For survival, including all tumor stages, 73.9% of patients were alive at 9 years after surgery in the group with D tumors and 37.0% in the group with WD tumors (p < 0.005); relative contribution of the different stages is analyzed. Addition of axillary-node number increased the prognostic significance of displacement categories for survival and disease-free interval. PgR determination as another ER functional expression failed to show significant differences for survival and disease-free interval between ER+ PgR+ and ER+ PgR- tumors. Thus, results from the displacement assay and from PgR determinations reflect 2 independent ER functional expressions. Displacement assay data appear as reliable prognostic indicators of breast-cancer outcome, and contribute to more appropriate treatment decisions in this pathology.
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Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 109342 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos... more
Base de dados : LILACS. Pesquisa : 109342 [Identificador único]. Referências encontradas : 1 [refinar]. Mostrando: 1 .. 1 no formato [Detalhado]. página 1 de 1, 1 / 1, LILACS, seleciona. para imprimir. Fotocópia. experimental, Documentos relacionados. Id: 109342. ...
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Research Interests: Endocrinology, Biology, Medicine, Gene expression, Cell Division, and 14 moreSignal Transduction, Estrogen Receptor, Internal Medicine, Mice, Female, Animals, Estrogen, Transcription Factor, Progesterone receptor expression, Receptor, Tumor Growth, Antineoplastic Agents, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, and Signaling pathway
Research Interests: Endocrinology, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Signal Transduction, and 15 moreEstrogen Receptor, Internal Medicine, Mice, Female, Animals, Estrogen, Progesterone receptor expression, Receptor, BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Drug Effects, Ovary, Antineoplastic Agents, Estrous cycle, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Immersed already in the 4th industrial revolution, clearly the digital age has invaded our lives. People tend to celebrate every technological and scientific advance without thinking properly about the possible undesired side effects or... more
Immersed already in the 4th industrial revolution, clearly the digital age has invaded our lives. People tend to celebrate every technological and scientific advance without thinking properly about the possible undesired side effects or unexpected consequences. One of the most outstanding achievements of the last years has been the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. It seems to be the magic wand to solve whatever. In this article I propose to think critically about the ethical issues related to this incredible technique. I will focus this work on 3 ethical aspects of gene editing: 1. The link between gene editing and the old concept of eugenics; 2. Aspects related to the idea of modifying human genetics in order to conquer other planets and 3. The ethical implications of uploading all these data to the web. Finally, I suggest focusing on interdisciplinary ethical discussion, the dialogue between professionals, institutions and government which must ensure the protection of the autonomy of patie...