Epstein-Barr virus

Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in Turkish children is commonly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. The C-terminus of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) of EBV is essential for transformation and the 30-bp deletion detected in this region has been implicated to be associated with a more aggressive malignant phenotype. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying EBV pathogenesis in BL of

We show clear evidence for direct infection of various human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in vitro. The successful infection was achieved by using recombinant EBV (Akata strain) carrying a selective marker gene but without any other artificial operations, such as introduction of the known EBV receptor (CD21) gene or addition of polymeric immunoglobulin A against viral gp350 in culture. Of 21 human epithelial cell lines examined, 18 became infected by EBV, as ascertained by the detection of EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 expression in the early period after virus exposure, and the following selection culture easily yielded a number of EBV-infected clones from 15 cell lines. None of the human fibroblasts and five nonhuman-derived cell lines examined was susceptible to the infection. By comparison, cocultivation with virus producers showed approximately 800-fold-higher efficiency of infection than cell-free infection did, suggesting the significance of direct c...

Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) comprises 5% to 10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults and appears to be even less frequently diagnosed in children. The diagnosis of AAC is established upon some clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings, which ...

Expression Pattern of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Genes in Cell ... Lines Derived from Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ... Abu Mohammad Eahsan Rasul1,2, Ieyoshi Kobayashi2, Tamotsu Kiyoshima2, Kou Matsuo2, Masamichi Ohishi1 and Hidetaka Sakai2 1Department of Oral ...

Human interleukin-10 (h-IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine with stimulatory activity on B-Iymphocytes. Recent evidence indicates that infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces h-IL-10 production in B-cells and that this cytokine may contribute to EBV-induced B-cell transformation. It is not known whether h-IL-10 induction by EBV correlates with distinct phenotypic features of the infected cells or with the expression of particular viral genes. We have approached these questions by investigating the expression of h-IL-10 mRNA in a panel of B-cell lines including: in vitro EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), EBV-carrying Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines, EBV-negative BL lines and their sublines infected with different EBV strains, or transfected with the transformation-associated viral gene. h-IL-10 mRNA was detected by reverse-transcriptase-assisted (RT)-PCR in a subset of EBV-negative BLs and in all FBV-positive BL lines and LCLs investigated except Daudi. This cell line carries an EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-2 gene-defective virus strain. h-IL-10 mRNA was induced by conversion of 3 EBV-negative and h-IL-10-negative BL lines (BL41, BL47 and BL49) with the transforming, B95.8-derived EBV strain. P3HR-1 virus convertants that do not express the viral EBNA-2 and the EBV latent membrane protein (LMP)-1, and fail to progress towards a LCL-like cell phenotype, showed no evidence of h-IL-10 up-regulation. Expression of LMP1 was sufficient to induce h-IL-10 mRNA in transfected sublines of the EBV-negative DG75 and BL41 cell lines, whereas expression of EBNA1, 2, 5 or 6 had no effect. h-IL-10 was detected in the culture supernatants of the LMP1 transfectants by specific ELISA assays. The present findings confirm the role of LMP1 in the transactivation of a wide variety of cellular genes which may be involved in EBV-induced B-cell transformation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is world widely distributed. About 98% of adults are infected with EBV. Early
childhood is shown to be infected with EBV, EBV possesses many proteins having sequence and functional
homology with many human proteins. EBV open reading frames such as BRLF1, BRCF1, BARF1, BHRF1 and
BILF1 program the host for lytic and latent states as well as acute and chronic infections. EBV can induce
production of some cytokines such as IL-15 (with TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-6. On conclusion, much organized efforts
in the future studies are needed for EBV to be controlled as with the time pass, our bodies will become saturated
with this virus. our recommendations are retrospective identification of the previously discovered viruses with
electron microscopy, followed by whole genome sequencing, sequencing of whole glycoprotein B gene for any
suspected herpesvirus, extensive studies for autoimmune antibodies to know if they are idiopathic or for enveloped
EBV or its components and finally considering feces one of the modes for infection.

Increased extraglandular aromatization has been reported as the cause of familial gynecomastia. We studied a kindred with aromatase excess inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, in which affected males had heterosexual precocity and/or gynecomastia, and affected females had isosexual precocity and/or macromastia. The propositus was a 9-yr-old boy with gynecomastia. His 7.5-yr-old sister had precocious puberty, and their father and

We describe the first case of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated natural killer-large granular lymphocyte (NK-LGL) leukemia in the United States to the best of our knowledge. A 29-year-old woman of Japanese descent developed EBV infection after a blood transfusion as indicated by a rise in serum antibody titers. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears demonstrated increased LGLs. Flow cytometry showed that these cells expressed NK-associated surface antigens. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow aspirate showed two distinct but related clones with multiple copies of a modified 7 marker chromosome. Death followed colonic perforation. Findings at necropsy included bone marrow lymphocytosis and erythrophagocytosis, a mononucleosis-like lymphadenitis, atypical hepatitis with a mixed, predominantly T-cell infiltrate, interstitial pneumonitis, and multiorgan system vasculitis with perforation of the transverse colon. Epstein-Barr virus transcripts were identified in lympho...

Monitoring of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infec-tion and reactivation in immunocompromized patients (eg, after organ or bone-marrow trans-plantation) is based mainly on serological assays and detection of viral DNA. For further character-ization of virus reactivation and monitoring of ...

The reaction of o-phenylene diamine and ethyl oxamate is reinvestigated and led to 3-aminoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one rather than benzimidazole-2-carboxamide as was previously reported. The structure of the obtained quinoxaline has been confirmed by X-ray. The anti-tumor activity of synthesized quinoxalines 1–21 has been evaluated by studying their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Among the studied compounds 1–21, compounds 12, 8, 13, 18, 17 and 19, respectively, demonstrated strong inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA activation without showing any cytotoxicity and their effects being stronger than that of a representative control, oleanolic acid. Furthermore, compound 12 exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter. The result of the present investigation indicated that compound 12 might be valuable as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent. Moreover, the molecular docking into PTK (PDB: 1t46) has been done for lead optimization of the aforementioned compounds as potential PTK inhibitors.Ligand interaction and the binding mode of compound 17 with c-kit receptor, it exhibited 3 H-bonds with the amino acids in C-kit two of them with CYS 673 and one with ASP 677, the hydrogen bonds formed colored in green.► New quinoxalines derivatives have been synthesized to evaluate their cancer chemopreventive activity. ► The inhibitory effects of compounds 1–21 on Epsteine Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by TPA have been studied. ► The in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test of compound 12 was studied. ► The synthesized compounds docked into c-kit protein-tyrosine kinase.