Hybridization

The dislocated, deterritorialized discourse produced by repatriates from formerly European colonies has remained overlooked in academic scholarship. One such group is the Eurasian “Indo” community that has its roots in the former Dutch East Indies, today’s Indonesia. This article focuses on Tjalie Robinson, the intellectual leader of this community from the 1950s to the mid-1970s. The son of a Dutch father and a British-Javanese mother, Robinson became the leading voice of the diasporic Indo community in the Netherlands and later also in the United States. His engagement resulted in the foundation of the Indo magazine Tong Tong and the annual Pasar Malam Besar, what was to become the world’s biggest Eurasian festival. Robinson played an essential role in the cultural awareness and self-pride of the eventually global Indo community through his elaboration of a hybrid and transnational identity concept. By placing his focus “tussen twee werelden” (in-between two worlds) and identifying “mixties-schap” (mestizaje) as the essential characteristic of Indo identity, Robinson anticipated debates on hybridity, transnationalism, and creolism that only much later would draw attention from scholars in the field of postcolonial studies. This article highlights Robinson’s pioneering role in framing a deterritorialized hybrid alternative to nationalist essentialism in the postcolonial era.

A comprehensive overview of a gestalt of artificial intelligence (AI) beings collectively referred to as the 'negative aliens' has been presented. It is explicated that these beings comprise a group of utterly ruthless, merciless beings that are totally void of any feelings, compassion, and love without any heart-based intuitive intelligence. Furthermore, they are energetically parasitic-vampiric and highly dependent on the natural energetics of organic solar consciousness beings such as humans to energize their doomsday machinery and survive. In this respect, they resort to violence and wars in search of conquest of organic solar consciousness beings to capture and imprison and subject them to reverse consciousness enslavement using their specially devised artificial intelligence technology. And, in order to be able to perpetually siphon the precious divine energies of the organic solar consciousness beings, they strictly adhere to certain agendas and strategies to maintain in bondage their taken spoils of wars that include (their perceived) conquered planetary resources as well as the solar consciousness inhabitants such as humans they have captured. Being totally arrogant tyrants and utterly narcissistic perceiving themselves as superiors and even 'gods' of their captured victims, their nefarious agendas include blank slating (conscious wiping) of the oppressed subjects of their genetic cellular memories and replacing them through mind sliding AI programming with false-phantom memories, as well as

An account of the negative aliens' relatively recent agendas with respect to, once again, resorting to bio-viral weaponization and bio-warfare using a viral agent such as the so-called coronavirus as to try to depopulate Earth with the underlying mission to establish a so-called New World Order to create a completely docile human race that could be readily controlled via the advent of artificial intelligence through such technologies as transhumanism and alien hybridization, has been presented, herein. It should be emphasized that such tactics for effecting genetic mutation and hybridization are not new by any stretch of imagination, as they go as far back in the history of human enslavement by the negative aliens, the more recent accounts of which that go back to WWI and WWII in order to depopulate and create genocide in human population, has been alluded to in the present paper. In a companion paper, much deeper root of negative aliens' interference in human consciousness affairs, that set the precedence for 'human consciousness reversal' through distorting human bioenergetics-genetics, has been explicated. Although the more devastating result of the present virus is devised to be as to incite anxiety, fear, and pandemonium in the humanity by threating human population with fear of survival through genocide, countless

Encompassing experimental film and video, essay film, gallery-based installation art, and digital art, Jihoon Kim establishes the concept of hybrid moving images as an array of impure images shaped by the encounters and negotiations between different media, while also using it to explore various theoretical issues, such as stillness and movement, indexicality, abstraction, materiality, afterlives of the celluloid cinema, archive, memory, apparatus, and the concept of medium as such.

Grounding its study in interdisciplinary framework of film studies, media studies, and contemporary art criticism, Between Film, Video, and the Digital offers a fresh insight on the post-media conditions of film and video under the pervasive influences of digital technologies, as well as on the crucial roles of media hybridity in the creative processes of giving birth to the emerging forms of the moving image. Incorporating in-depth readings of recent works by more than thirty artists and filmmakers, including Jim Campbell, Bill Viola, Sam Taylor-Johnson, David Claerbout, Fiona Tan, Takeshi Murata, Jennifer West, Ken Jacobs, Christoph Girardet and Matthias Müller, Hito Steyerl, Lynne Sachs, Harun Farocki, Doug Aitken, Douglas Gordon, Stan Douglas, Candice Breitz, among others, the book is the essential scholarly monograph for understanding how digital technologies simultaneously depend on and differ film previous time-based media, and how this juncture of similarities and differences signals a new regime of the art of the moving image.

Theories of hybrid culture and transculturalism are analyzed from the point of view of comparative literature. In the modern world the transformation of multiculturalism and
globalism towards transculture is an inevitable consequence of the complicated
processes of cultural interaction in all countries of the world. Transculturalism is an
alternative to multiculturalism as a product of globalism and has different rhetoric of
the Other. The transcultural concept, put forward by F. Ortiz as an alternative to the
asymmetric concept of acculturation in the area of cultural contacts, provided
opportunities for describing the complex processes of cultural interaction in the era of
globalization. Transculture is based on the cultural polyphony, in which there should
not be a complete synthesis, where the cultures retain some opacity. The concept of
transculturality can be used as a basis for a modern comparative analysis of literature.
At the same time, key issues of interaction of cultures in post-Soviet discourse are not
solved. Therefore, the study of methodologies of post-Soviet studies is important not
only as theoretical problem, but also as a problem of general cultural significance.
Therefore, the Caribbean philosophy, which is being built as a significant element of
contemporary comparativism in the field of interaction between cultures, directly
concerns the problems of choosing ways of further postcolonial development of postSoviet cultures. Transculturalism proposes the principle of hybridity instead of the
archaic principle of the purity of national culture, declaring the change in attitude to
national languages, cultural traditions and the very concept of nation-state, giving way
to the processes of transnationalization and polyglossia associated with the principle of the networked cosmopolitanism. This is a new relationship between languages and
cultures. Ultimately, this new andmagological interaction between the Own and the
Other. It is a search for a new unity of the various Others.

Key words: comparative literature, postcolonial studies, transculturalism, hybridization, multiculturalism, globalism, post-Soviet studies, cultural identity.

Developments in mobile digital technologies are disrupting conventional understandings of space and place for smartphone users. One way in which location-based media are refiguring previously taken-for-granted spatial traditions is via GPS-enabled online dating and hook-up apps. For sexual minorities, these apps can reconfigure any street, park, bar, or home into a queer space through a potential meeting between mutually attracted individuals, but what does this signify for already-existing queer spaces? This chapter examines how smartphone apps including Grindr, Tinder, and Blued synthesize online queer encounter with offline physical space to create a new hybrid terrain predicated on availability, connection, and encounter. It is also a terrain that can sidestep established gay neighborhoods entirely. I explore how this hybridization impacts on older, physically rooted gay neighborhoods and the role that these neighborhoods have traditionally played in brokering social and sexual ...

En Texaco hay una tensión constante entre la oralidad y la escritura. Aunque la heroína de la novela se aferre
a su palabra criolla, poco a poco debe ir desplazándola por la escritura y por el francés que llegan con la
colonización. Sin embargo, para no negar su pasado, ella se ve en la obligación de mezclar su tradición con la
impuesta por los colonos. Así, tanto Texaco como su cultura se caracterizarán por la hibridación. La arquitectura
y el habla serán el símbolo de la mezcla, del cruce de dos culturas: la alta cultura y la cultura popular. En este
trabajo me interesa analizar la obra desde el concepto de hibridación y desde la postura de Ángel Rama en La
ciudad letrada —opuesta a la ciudad real—, pues este autor muestra cómo la palabra escrita se constituye
en uno de los aparatos culturales que reglamenta la permanencia del poder. Se tendrán en cuenta términos
como oralidad, escritura, hibridación y cultura popular.

Natural hybridization is common in plants, including mangroves. Three Rhizophora mangrove species are recognized in the Indo-West Pacific region, namely R. apiculata, R. mucronata, and R. stylosa. So far, R. apiculata has been known to form sterile hybrid offspring with R. mucronata (= R. x annamalayana) and with R. stylosa (= R. x lamarckii). A third hybrid between morphologically similar R. mucronata and R. stylosa was only recently shown to exist, via DNA sequencing. However, it has been suspected that this newly discovered hybrid may be fertile, with potential to interbreed to give rise to advanced-generation hybrids in locations where both parental species occur. In this study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to survey several stands where R. mucronata and R. stylosa co-occur. By screening through 26 ISSR primers, a set of species-specific diagnostic bands for each species were first identified from standard samples before being used to genotype the test samples. A chloroplast DNA locus was also sequenced in the test samples to determine the direction of hybridization. Results showed that hybridization occurred between R. mucronata and R. stylosa in all investigated locations with differing levels of introgression, and that it could happen in any direction.

Antoine Volodine and Christian Garcin both make a distinctive use of shamanism in fictional novels. By multiplying shaman characters and intertwining the shamanistic principles and the narrative, they develop a poetic of instability noticeable through various hybridization processes notably strengthened by the intrusion of supernatural elements. The analysis of three motives in which this game of unstable balance is particularly mirrored – identity, History and fiction – shall turn our attention to the role of shamanism as a vector of fictional dynamism.

The works of Marguerite Duras show visible hybridity, broadly understood as a mixture of genres, correspondence of the arts, or intertextuality. Her texts reflect, par excellence, this tendency because they keep departing from classical forms. Consequently, the same text can be interpreted as a novel, screenplay, or film. This transgression seemingly results from the versatility of changing artistic interests of Duras, who, while writing, was fascinated by film-making and all possibilities of experimentation. The transgression is confirmed by a kind of polyphony of voices in her works, which makes them both extremely suggestive and open. A prime example of this technique is Le Navire Night. According to the concept of poetical-novelistic or cinematic writing, it can be seen as a ‘hybrid’ work. Therefore, Le Navire Night is sometimes read as a poem as understood by Henri Meschonnic, referring to the creativity of the author, especially in the field of language

In a society characterized by ever-changing identity- and boundary-redefinition, the confines among different kinds of art are shifting consistently. Painting, photography, and cinema often surface in post-modern literature directly or indirectly. In particular, intertextual connections, generated by the intertwining of cinema and literature in literary works, lead to the creation of new text types which can hardly be classified according to traditional genre taxonomies. This essay aims to investigate some hybridization processes, triggered by the presence of cinema in literary texts, through the analysis of two novels which claim a direct connection with cinema: Paradis Conjugal d'Alice Ferney (2008) et Le Garçon incassable de Florence Seyvos (2013).

Today happiness is often understood as improving the condition of our body - the case where new technologies can help to achieve the aim. In this context, the author writes about human hybridization and chimerism, which are part of the human enhancement and presents a selection of historical and contemporary scientific experiments and bioart projects. She also expresses an opinion that it is necessary to create a new ethics that goes beyond species limitations due to the inevitability of biotechnological enhancement.

The recent review by Jones (2009) presents a strong argument that Victoria’s wild dog population cannot reliably be categorised into dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral dogs (C. l. familiaris) and hybrids. This presents a problem in the light of the dingo’s recent listing as a threatened species in that state. Wildlife managers must come to grips with questions regarding the relative conservation value of ‘dingoes’ with varying degrees of domestic dog ancestry. This will require improved knowledge of the ecological function of wild dogs, as well as extensive research into public attitudes towards the animals.

The hybridity that is seen everywhere in symbolist poetry is not so much evidence of a temporary trend of the era following the interest in the crossing of species in nature as much as it is an attempt to confront the very nature of “art” itself. The time of the “quarrel of monsters” has passed, and the hybrids of contemporary poetry – competing for a place in the mythological scene that is symbolism – roam guiltless. And yet, beyond literary conventions, this mythological bestiary is anything but innocent and outdated; in fact, it embodies a genuine mythopoetic repertoire. For Mallarmé in particular, this hybrid bestiary reflects the illusive “Chimera” of poetry.

This article reviews the history and present state of research on the creation of human--animal hybrids and chimeras. The idea has been present in culture since ancient times and was picked up by scientists a long time before breakthroughs in DNA were made.
Scientifi c experiments in the fi eld of chimerization and hybridization are a continuation of thought experiments expressed in a variety of cultural texts and artefacts throughout 208 Magdalena Kozhevnikova
the history of mankind. The author reviews the scientific implementation of this ancient idea – from simple transplants between different species and different sexes to xenotransplantation
and further on to genetic engineering.
Today’s development of individual stem cells therapies and the production of new medicines and healthcare products are claimed to be the goal of such research, yet in the future, “upgrades” (enhancement) of people with animal genes and the transfer of selected biological characteristics to the human species will become realistic possibilities.
Due to the unpredictable consequences of such research, both concerning individuals and humankind, such a prospect raises serious concern among scientists. As a result, questions appear regarding the potential threat to humankind, which in turn calls for the revision of the concept and development of a new vision of who “man” is in this age of
biotechnology.

Genetic divergence study is very essential for the selection of genetically diverse parents from existence germplasm for conducting successful hybridization program. An investigation with one hundred nineteen genotypes of proso millet was carried out in Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence following Mahalanobis D 2 statistics. The experiment was accompanied following Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) which replicated thrice. The 119 genotypes of proso millet were assembled into eight clusters. Among the eight clusters, cluster VI was found to be largest having 27 germplasm followed by cluster V having 20 germplasm. While the minimum number of germplasms was observed in cluster II noted as 7. High degree of genetic diversity was revealed by the genotypes of cluster III and cluster IV. Cluster III was appropriate for filling period, height of plant, weight of seed per panicle, yield of st...

This paper attempts to make plain the principles of Creole and Hybridized languages, so that further research may be conducted to investigate linguistic phenomena such as phono-semantic matching, relexification and morpho-phonological divergence.

Two major influences on contemporary societies dictate that diffusion and hybridization of communicative norms will be an increasingly significant feature of our communication landscape: Transnational population flows; and the impact of mediated communication, including by means of the Internet. This study explores implications of different ways of viewing the ‘cultural’ and ‘communication’ dimensions of intercultural communication in such volatile circumstances.

Natural hybrids among the specialized terrestrial oil-secreting orchids of South Africa are extremely rare even where multiple closely related species co-occur. We found putative hybrids between Pterygodium catholicum Sw. and P. acutifolium Lindl., two closely related oil-secreting orchids that lack morphological barriers to inter-breeding. The purpose of this study was to confirm the parentage of the putative hybrids using molecular data from one nuclear (ITS) and two plastid (matK-trnK and trnL/F introns) DNA regions. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences as well as nucleotide substitution patterns of the putative hybrids, putative parents, and their closest relatives were consistent with a hypothesis of hybridization. We suggest that the hybrids were the result of visits to both orchids by a single species of oil-collecting bee during a brief period of flowering overlap. These results suggest that the rarity of hybrids between these orchids is due to factors other than genetic incompatibility.