Artificial Life

In the field of computational creativity, the area of automatic
music generation deals with techniques that are able to automatically compose human-enjoyable music. Although investigations in the area started recently, numerous techniques based on artificial intelligence have been proposed. Some of them produce pleasant results, but none is able to effectively evolve the style of the musical pieces generated.

In this paper, we fill this gap by proposing an evolutionary memetic system that composes melodies, exploiting a society of virtual composers. An extensive validation, performed by using both quantitative and qualitative analyses, confirms that the system is able to evolve its compositional style over time.

An account of the negative aliens' relatively recent agendas with respect to, once again, resorting to bio-viral weaponization and bio-warfare using a viral agent such as the so-called coronavirus as to try to depopulate Earth with the underlying mission to establish a so-called New World Order to create a completely docile human race that could be readily controlled via the advent of artificial intelligence through such technologies as transhumanism and alien hybridization, has been presented, herein. It should be emphasized that such tactics for effecting genetic mutation and hybridization are not new by any stretch of imagination, as they go as far back in the history of human enslavement by the negative aliens, the more recent accounts of which that go back to WWI and WWII in order to depopulate and create genocide in human population, has been alluded to in the present paper. In a companion paper, much deeper root of negative aliens' interference in human consciousness affairs, that set the precedence for 'human consciousness reversal' through distorting human bioenergetics-genetics, has been explicated. Although the more devastating result of the present virus is devised to be as to incite anxiety, fear, and pandemonium in the humanity by threating human population with fear of survival through genocide, countless

This narrative describes the deeper root of bio-viral weaponization and consciousness warfare in distant human history with the negative aliens. It is explicated that this form of nefarious strive to create genetic mutation and consciousness-bioenergetic reversal goes as far back as humanity was first thriving as a 12D crystalline solar organic consciousness being in the Nebadon Universe, which most likely goes back as far back as 550 million years ago, and only 10 million years after its embodiment to experience physical experiential sojourns within the first 9 dimensions of this universe. In fact, the main problem started after the Lyran Wars, when the negative aliens having constructed a black hole system through making rips in the space-time and joining the resulting wormholes to one another, later began to engage in wars culminating in blowing up the 12 th universal stargate that was Lyra. Beyond, this, with the failure of the Metatronic Collective to attempt to put the pieces of the Lyran grid back together after having fallen into the Milky Way Galaxy and in pursuit of repairing the stargate system and the universal 12D grid and its timeline structure, it led to the advent of 'Metatronic Reversal' through a 'Fibonacci form of consciousness progression sequence' and the advent of the 'Yahweh matrix,' and what is referred to as the 'Caduceus Network,' whose symbol our medical industry today ignorantly boasts to display as its plaque representing healthcare and medicine. Thus, as they say, "the rabbit hole is much deeper as it seems," as the parasitic negative aliens have constantly used these technologies to invade our Lightbody and nadial system, not to only consistently siphon our precious divine energies to feed themselves and their nefarious AI machinery, but to inflict 'death seals' upon humanity, culminating in humanity undergoing a series of futile cycles of birth and physical death through repetitive reincarnations, confining us within a timeline loop that has been seemingly endless. And, the advent of this current, purportedly pandemic bio-viral infection referred to as the "Coronavirus," epitomizes yet another one of their ploys in bio-viral weaponization and warfare, with the delusional intent to, once for all, make a fully docile race out of humans as automatons subjecting us to their AI machinery or whims, through what is now to be followed by a transhumanistic-hybridization movement, using electromagnetic energies and radiation poisoning together with the aid of nanotechnology, devising yet another retrovirus against us. However, the time of their atrocities and crimes committed against humanity and its consciousness is now over, with the advent of a group of benevolent extradimensional and transdimensional and much higher frequential consciousness beings helping us to finally collect up our fragmented soul pieces in order to be restored to our original 12D DNA strand crystalline genetics, that we refer to as full Ascension.

Indirect reciprocity is an important mechanism for promoting cooperation among self-interested agents. Simplified, it means you help me, therefore somebody else will help you (in contrast to direct reciprocity: you help me, therefore I will help you). Indirect reciprocity can be achieved via reputation and norms. Strategies, such as the so-called leading eight, relying on these principles can maintain high levels of cooperation and remain stable against invasion, even in the presence of errors. However, this is only the case if the reputation of an agent is modeled as a shared public opinion. If agents have private opinions and hence can disagree if somebody is good or bad, even rare errors can cause cooperation to break apart. We show that most strategies can overcome the private assessment problem by applying pleasing. A pleasing agent acts in accordance with others' expectations of their behavior (i.e. pleasing them) instead of being guided by their own, private assessment. As such, a pleasing agent can achieve better reputations than previously considered strategies when there is disagreement in the population. Pleasing is effective even if only the opinions of few other individuals are considered and when it bears additional costs. Finally, through a more exhaustive analysis of the parameters' space than previous studies, we show that some of the leading eight still function under private assessment, i.e. that cooperation rates are well above an objective baseline. Yet, pleasing strategies supersede formerly described ones and enhance cooperation.

©This paper is not for reproduction without permission of the authors. Natural systems are characterized more by the way they change than by their appearance at any one moment in time. There is, however, no self-consistent theory capable of ascribing the development of living hierarchical organisms to conventional scientific rationality. We have derived a generic model for the dynamics and evolution of natural hierarchical systems. This paper presents the resultant birational dynamics which may be attributed to a real hierarchy. We describe the nature of self-organization and of emergence in hierarchies, and the rationality which may be employed to move between scalar levels. We propose the use of diffusely-rational recursive Dempster-Shafer-probability to model inter-hierarchical-level complex regions, and consider its implications. The evolution of living from non-living systems is attributed to a change in the style of emergence which characterizes the appearance of new scalar le...

Artificial neural networks learn how to solve new problems through a computationally intense and time consuming process. One way to reduce the amount of time required is to inject preexisting knowledge into the network. To make use of past knowledge, we can take advantage of techniques that transfer the knowledge learned from one task, and reuse it on another (sometimes unrelated) task. In this paper we propose a novel selective breeding technique that extends the transfer learning with behavioural genetics approach proposed by Kohli, Magoulas and Thomas (2013), and evaluate its performance on financial data. Numerical evidence demonstrates the credibility of the new approach. We provide insights on the operation of transfer learning and highlight the benefits of using behavioural principles and selective breeding when tackling a set of diverse financial applications problems.

A class of functions called semi--preinvex functions is defined as a generalization of semi--convex functions. Similarly, the concept of semi--quasiconvex functions is also generalized to semi--prequasiinvex functions. Properties of these proposed classes are studied, and sufficient conditions for a nonempty subset of the -dimensional Euclidean space to be an -convex or -invex set are given. The relationship between semi--preinvex and -preinvex functions are discussed along with results for the corresponding nonlinear programming problems.

Models which combine the abstract (eg, physiological) function of a plant with its architecture have more and more come into the focus of international research in recent years. In the wake of this development, an entirely new class of models has arisen, generally known as ...

The main argument in the chapter is that the creative process has its very root in the natural laws, especially under conditions of limited resources, which impose a conflict between alternative organization patterns in systems. After a general introduction, the author will illustrate the methods and the results of many computer-based experiments, starting from physical and chemical systems, moving on to models of brain functions, the evolution in a simulated community of protozoa and the use of ideas from genetics to solve complex problems.

In memory of Bruno Latour who responded quickly to this paper upon its publication////
This is an experimental essay to reconsider the meaning of animism in the time of science and technology studies when the boundary between human and non-human entities is being redrawn. Referring to  various sources from my earlier research on Javanese animism and peasant movements such as Saminism to the recent social studies of life sciences that are related to such issues as artificial life and so forth, this article tries to redefine what is animism in the contemporary techno-cultural landscape.  This is related to the exhibition of Animism curated by Anselm Franke.

Abstract—Artificial neural networks learn how to solve new problems through a computationally intense and time consuming process. One way to reduce the amount of time required is to inject pre-existing knowledge into the network. To make use of past knowledge, we can take advantage of techniques that transfer the knowledge learned from one task, and reuse it on another (sometimes unrelated) task. In this paper we propose a novel selective breeding technique that extends the transfer learning with behavioural genetics approach proposed by Kohli, Magoulas and Thomas (2013), and evaluate its performance on financial data. Numerical evidence demonstrates the credibility of the new approach. We provide insights on the operation of transfer learning and highlight the benefits of using behavioural principles and selective breeding when tackling a set of diverse financial applications problems. Keywords—transfer learning, artificial neural networks, ge-netic algorithms, population studies, ...

Perception and attention mechanisms are of great importance for entities situated within complex dynamic environments. With roles extending greatly beyond passive information services about the external environment, such mechanisms actively prioritise, augment and expedite information to ensure that the potentially relevant is made available so appropriate action can take place. Here, we describe the rationale behind endowing artificial entities, or virtual agents, with real-time perception and attention systems. We cover the fundamentals of designing and building such systems. Once equipped, the resulting agents can achieve a more substantial connection with their environment for the purposes of reacting, planning, decision making and, ultimately, behaving.

Die Fortschritte der Künstlichen Intelligenz und der Robotik stellen die Un-terscheidung zwischen Simulation und Realität der menschlichen Per¬son zu-nehmend in Frage. Sie suggerieren einerseits ein computeromor¬phes Ver-ständnis menschlicher Intelligenz, andererseits eine Anthropo¬morphisie¬rung der KI-Systeme. Mit anderen Worten: Wir betrachten uns selbst immer mehr wie unsere Maschinen, und umgekehrt unsere Maschinen wie uns selbst. Was also unterscheidet menschliche und künstliche Intelligenz? Der Aufsatz stellt dafür eine Reihe von Kriterien auf.

The first instalment of a series of novellas evoking post-artificial, post-sexual worlds in an imaginary version of the Solar System.
In this metaphysical melodrama, an existential crisis unfolds in lunar mega-city ‘Eidopolis.’ Death becomes the profound totem of a dawning post-mortal existence …

In this paper I track 3D printed bacterially-infused materials in which microbes live and reproduce — selected and nurtured — to carryout biochemically-controlled tasks intended to mitigate the ravages of climate change. As architecture and urban designers we are existentially challenged to integrate nature, biology, and genetics with the built world we interpret through fablab/robotic production to tackle those ravages. That viewport reveals our need for multidisciplinary procedures arising in disciplines not usually associated with buildings or city design. Collaborating with science/technology we may take steps toward proof-of-concept materialization imbued with microbial life and intelligences that lend living environmental defenses to architecture and urban/environmental operations.

Cellular automata are models that deal with both nature and artefacts: they can indeed simulate living beings as well as be employed in the creation of objects. After the introduction of this concept by Stanislaw Ulam and John Von Neumann in the late 1940s, many different kinds of cellular automata have been created and have become part of what Christopher Langton called " artificial life " in 1986. The most complex examples among them are based on stochastic development, thus they share their structural properties with morphogenetic models like the one suggested by Alan Turing (1952). This is the reason why some cellular automata are capable of simulating the development of living beings , but also of cities and artefacts. They are indeed widely used in computer graphics related to parametric design, in order to create performative objects at various scales that can be produced according to the principle of mass customisation. The purpose of this study is to analyse the properties of these models with the help of computer simulations and, as a consequence, to explore some of their different fields of application. As a result, it can be observed that these processes , based on a stochastic geometry, can lead not only to simple biomimicry (regarded as the artificial replication of biological features) but also, in a wider sense, to bioinspiration (a more general relation between nature and artefacts based on shared structural properties).

La circulation de piétons dans un bâtiment exige une conception strictement effective afin de réduire au minimum les bouchons (embouteillages) potentiels qui pourraient accroître à la fois le temps d'évacuation et le risque de blesser la foule. Les catastrophes souvent impliquant des évacuations de la foule amènent à une nécessité d'une analyse rigoureuse de la circulation de la foule via la simulation. Ces tragédies ont pour la plupart impliquées l'écrasement de la foule ou de l'échec d'échappement d'un bâtiment en raison de la congestion, mais la modélisation des piétons ne doit pas être limitée juste à ce scénario. La circulation des piétons est en train de devenir un facteur important dans la conception des bâtiments.

This document is the Special Issue of the First International Conference on the Evolution and Development of the Universe (EDU 2008). Please refer to the preface and introduction for more details on the contributions. Keywords: acceleration, artificial cosmogenesis, artificial life, Big Bang, Big History, biological evolution, biological universe, biology, causality, classical vacuum energy, complex systems, complexity, computational universe, conscious evolution, cosmological artificial selection, cosmological natural selection, cosmology, critique, cultural evolution, dark energy, dark matter, development of the universe, development, emergence, evolution of the universe evolution, exobiology, extinction, fine-tuning, fractal space-time, fractal, information, initial conditions, intentional evolution, linear expansion of the universe, log-periodic laws, macroevolution, materialism, meduso-anthropic principle, multiple worlds, natural sciences, Nature, ontology, order, origin of th...

The Secretary problem is studied with minimal cognitive agents, being a problem that needs memory and judgment. A sequence of values, drawn from an unknown range, is presented; the agent has only one chance to pick a single value as they are presented, and should try to maximize the value chosen. In extension of previous work (Tuci et al. 2002), Continuous Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNN) are evolved to solve the problem, and then their strategies are analyzed by relating mechanisms to behavior. Strategies similar to the known optimal strategy are observed, and it is noted that significantly different strategies can be generated by very different mechanisms that perform equally well.

Original at: https://zqjournal.org/editions/zq31.html

Proposing that nature is pervasive and that metabolic architectures are embedded in nature, I situate texts and theory as responses to techniques/methods for operational and research procedures. This text is thus a companion to my ongoing Metabolic Architectures campaign for thinking about, theorizing, and designing digital-biomimetic structures dialectically related to biology, technology, intelligence, and environmental bioremediation. In that categorization, theory is integral to the tasks of defining and evolving generative metabolic architectures and urbanisms as equal to the projectʼs drawings and models.
I started by building analog branching systems with plant and tree limbs — sometimes skinning their sculptural forms with environmentally strong, handmade yucca paper (Fig 1).This was in the early 2000s. My intention was not to create structural efficiency, but to evolve expressive branching that fused, bonded, and distributed force to create tension/compression, treelike scaffoldings hosting performative surfaces. I drew those structures in Rhinoceros 3D (Rhino) thinking that once structural systems were rooted in digital space, plant algorithms, and living infrastructures, facade panels could be designed and prototyped as bioarchitectural case studies.
In return, early works started reconfiguring my thinking about triangulated (truss) systems as irregular, curving and branching units — what I called eTrees (Fig 2). This motivated the transformation of post-and-lintel, load-bearing construction into biomimetically inspired components, based on interwoven vines or intermingled tree branches. And, although far from living, the models took on properties of skeletal organisms with environmental resilience — modules intended to partner with and sequester intelligent organisms capable of autonomous, bioremedial functions. Those trusslike models can be seen as steps toward computational and STL-fabricated eTrees plotted as material and structural concepts.
Drawing, modeling, and scanning there after opened as pathways for generative architectures envisioned for machine fabrication and AI-regulated . . . (continued at https://zqjournal.org/editions/zq31.html)

Intelligent design advocate William Dembski has introduced a measure of information called “complex specified information”, or CSI. He claims that CSI is a reliable marker of design by intelligent agents. He puts forth a “Law of Conservation of Information” which states that chance and natural laws are incapable of generating CSI. In particular, CSI cannot be generated by evolutionary computation. Dembski asserts that CSI is present in intelligent causes and in the flagellum of Escherichia coli, and concludes that neither have natural explanations. In this paper we examine Dembski’s claims, point out significant errors in his reasoning, and conclude that there is no reason to accept his assertions.

A person suffering from acute liver failure requires liver transplantation. But the availability of donor organ is always a serious problem and is costly. Here bio-artificial liver comes into play with the advent of regenerative hepatocyte cells. The significant feature of bio-artificial liver is that it does not permanently replace the liver function but it acts as a supportive device that is it enhance the proper regeneration of hepatocytes in the affected liver and it severs as a bridge for patients until a transplant comes evitable. These regenerative cells are capable of secreting adequate hormones and improve live supportive system. The most recently used bio artificial liver system is Spheroid Reservoir Bio Artificial Liver [SRBAL] and Molecular Adsorbent Recycling System [MARS]. Other different types are extracorporeal liver perfusion system, extracorporeal liver assist device and modular extracorporeal liver system.

Recently there has been considerable discussion on the concept of 'artificial life'. The very idea that life can be imagined outside of the body unsettles our habitual way of thinking. It opens up horizons of post-biological or extra-bodily life. Yet this notion would not have seemed so strange in ancient China, for the early Chinese idea of life is anything but bodycentric. For the ancient Chinese, the essence of life, far from being confined to the body, resided in the breath or qi, vital energy that permeates both the cosmos and the human body. Concentration of qi creates life; its dissipation spells death. So in the early Chinese context,
the line between 'artificial' and 'natural' was elusive. This view of life and the cosmos, as we shall see, informs the fundamental nature of the hu.

Creating natural forest landscapes for game environments require some basic knowledge of botany and ecology, without which the terrain may appear synthetic. While tools such as WYSIWYG level editors have made a scene designer’s job easier, manually
creating a natural-looking landscape is time consuming and, depending on the knowledge the artist possesses, often do not follow the principles of ecology. This research attempts to pilot an initial study of how lessons from research in ecological modelling can be adopted for growing vegetation for game scene design.
Early results are promising and show the potentials of such a venture in future more complex developments.