Poultry and its diversity

The major contribution of poultry consumption in improving per capita nutrients level is well documented. Further improvement would be possible by lowering the prices at the consumer level and by improving the profitability of producers. First we highlighted the major problems in poultry production and then focused to estimate the percentage share of different stake holders in total profitability from poultry industry because inequitable distribution of profit share was assumed to be one of the major obstacle in the expansion of poultry industry. Our results demonstrated that commission agents were earning 47% of the total profit in poultry industry, followed by retailers (28%) and producers (25%). This indicates that it would be impossible to improve the contribution of poultry in total nutrients uptake of human beings in the country without reversing the trends in profit share.

The present study is an attempt to examine the present situation of Bangladesh poultry industry and its future potential.In Bangladesh commercial poultry production has been growing rapidly since the early 1990 by using improved genetics, manufactured feeds and management. This improvement is done mainly in the private sector as a device for additional source of income and employment opportunities particularly in rural area. This dramatic growth of poultry farms throughout the country without judging feasibility of the farm in the area. This process has been influenced by the programmes of different NGOs and the public sector. The poultry sector of the country is classified neither as an agricultural sector nor an industrial sector, receives far less support than its potential contribution might indicate. Based on this poultry industry a number of industries are developed both in inputs sector and outputs sector along with a number of service providing organizations where at least 60 lakh people are involved. The poultry industry was hit by bird flu in 2007 and 2009. The number of firms reduced to 55,000 in 2013 from 1,15,000 in 2007. Another source reported that there are about 65,902 poultry farms upto February 1013 in the country (BER,2013p.104). In spite of decrease in number of poultry farms, it is reported by Bangladesh Poultry Association that that the country achieved self sufficiency in production of chicken meat and eggs. So the problem is excess supply of chicken meat and egg in the market.. The major challenges to poultry sector are limited access to credit, competition from import and outbreak of diseases like Avian Influenza. In addition there are other problems which hinder the proper development of poultry industry. Production of quality and safe product in compliance with international standard of hygiene, sanitation and phytosanitary is an important issue. For sustainable development of poultry sector some specific recommendations (establishment of effective data bank, formation of poultry farmers' organization etc) are made for consideration by the concerned stakeholders of this industry.

Policy and Research Magazine , 2022

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The National Food Security Policy of Pakistan (2017) is a significant document. It outlines the strategic framework for enhancing food security in all its dimensions: access to food, availability of food, use of food and food stability. The emphasis of this plan, however, is only on the target of food availability and on whether Pakistan is diversifying from food crops to non-food crops. The primary focus in this brief will be to analyze patterns of production, land use of food and non-food crops and to determine how patterns are changing for wheat, maize and rice as imported food crops from Pakistan.

2017

The economy of Bangladesh is mostly dependent on agriculture. Livestock is an important subsector of agriculture and poultry is an important part of livestock subsector. Poultry farming is a growing sector to the small holder farmers with remarkable contribution to the gross domestic product and economic growth of Bangladesh. The performance of this sector has an overwhelming impact on major macroeconomic objectives like employment generation, poverty alleviation, human resources development and food security.

Although government introduced improved breeds of poultry in government poultry farms for multiplication and distribution to village people in 1935, but commercial poultry production has been started from 1980s in Bangladesh. The growth of poultry industry over the years in Bangladesh is examined in this article. The expansion of poultry farming leads to the development of many allied industries such as breeder farms, hatcheries, feed mills, equipment factories, processing plants and pharmaceutical companies. The upward trend of growth rate of livestock sector is attributed to growth of poultry farms. Over the years the contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is declined but the share of livestock to agriculture sector increased. Per capita consumption of egg increased from 21 in 1995 to 59 in 2004-2005.The numbers of all allied industries have been increasing. The growth of population, change in income and food habit, and a bit awareness of the consumers about health indicates a bright prospect for the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Government policy for the development of poultry industry in the country is essential. 1. BACKGROUND In Bangladesh, poultry is the most widely held livestock species by rural people particularly poor and landless households. Although reliable data on poultry sector is not available but it is assumed that about 90 % of rural households r ear p oultr y under scavenging condition. Scavenging poultr y contr ibutes 30 to 40 % of eggs and 50 % of poultr y meat in the country. In 1935 gover nment intr oduced impr oved breeds of poultry in gover nment poultry farms for multiplication and distribution to village people. Six poultry farms wer e established by the government in 1947.for supplying eggs and chicks to rural people. Several small poultry far ms wer e set under the village aid pr ogramme for rural development in late 1950s. In 1962 63, the Dir ectorate of Livestock Ser vices started about 91 small units in 91 T hanas with the objective of supplying impr oved types of birds to the village people. Scavenging sector could not meet the incr easing demand for meat and eggs, which rose due to growth of population, income and the urbanization. Considering the market potential commercial poultry production has been started from 1980s. In Bangladesh semi-scavenging Poultry Model has been r ecognized globally as an excellent tool for income generation among r esource poor people and for stimulation of poultry enterpr ise development (Raha 2003). The model is designed as an integrated system to provide necessary supplies and services to

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020

Backyard chicken farming is as an effective tool for poverty reduction in rural areas, by providing living to resource poor communities; it is an important source of extra cash income other than eggs and meat for family consumption. The present study was carried out to assess the role of backyard poultry farming in supplementing household economy of rural farmers dwelling in district Quetta, Pakistan. Information from ninety-nine randomly selected female backyard poultry farmers were gathered during November 2016 to March 2017. Owing to previous government and non-government interventions backyard poultry keeping was found as an established practice. Women were found the main custodian of backyard poultry birds and consequently were the main beneficiary of the activity. Poultry birds of Fayoumi and Golden / Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds were the main types. Majority of the farmers reared these birds under scavenging conditions in combination with feeding on household left over dry b...

J. Agri. Soc. …, 2005