INTRODUCTION The Vigilant ObservatIon of GlIadeL WAfer ImplaNT (VIGILANT) registry (NCT02684838) was initiated to evaluate the use of BCNU wafers for treatment of CNS malignancies in contemporary practice and in the new era of molecular analysis. METHODS The VIGILANT registry is an observational study. Each patient receives usual care from treating physicians in routine quarterly visits, with no registry-specific visits required. The VIGILANT registry will enroll up to 500 patients at 35 US sites. Patients must be ≥18 years of age with no medical conditions increasing risk through participation. Patient follow-up will last 3 years. RESULTS The interim analysis is ongoing, with the following preliminary data. Of the 143 patients enrolled to date (mean age 59.8 ± 13.41 years, 60.1% male, 82.5% white), BCNU wafers have been implanted for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in 49 (34.3%); for recurrent GBM in 48 (33.6%); for brain metastases in 28 (19.6%); for anaplastic oligodendrogliom......Read more
Abstracts vi26 NEURO-ONCOLOGY • NOVEMBER 2019 CONCLUSION: Glioblastoma patients with borderline MGMT promoter methylation (qMSP ratio 2–4) do not seem to beneft from combination treatment with CCNU/TMZ. Thus, we propose a qMSP cut-off of 4 as a novel decision tool for clinicians. qMSP and PSQ show a high concordance rate indicating that a decision for combination therapy can also be based on PSQ results. ACTR-54. VIGILANT OBSERVATION OF GLIADEL WAFER IMPLANT (VIGILANT) REGISTRY: INTERIM ANALYSIS Kevin Lillehei 1 , Steven Kalkanis 2 , Linda Liau 3 , Jeffrey Olson 4 , Nina Paleologos 5 , Timothy Ryken 6 , Tania Johnson 7 , and Evan Scullin 7 ; 1 University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA, 2 Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA, 3 University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4 Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 5 Advocate Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA, 6 Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, 7 Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Atlanta, GA, USA INTRODUCTION: The Vigilant ObservatIon of GlIadeL WAfer Im- plaNT (VIGILANT) registry (NCT02684838) was initiated to evaluate the use of BCNU wafers for treatment of CNS malignancies in contemporary practice and in the new era of molecular analysis. METHODS: The VIGI- LANT registry is an observational study. Each patient receives usual care from treating physicians in routine quarterly visits, with no registry-specifc visits required. The VIGILANT registry will enroll up to 500 patients at 35 US sites. Patients must be ≥18 years of age with no medical conditions increasing risk through participation. Patient follow-up will last 3 years. RESULTS: The interim analysis is ongoing, with the following preliminary data. Of the 143 patients enrolled to date (mean age 59.8 ± 13.41 years, 60.1% male, 82.5% white), BCNU wafers have been implanted for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in 49 (34.3%); for recurrent GBM in 48 (33.6%); for brain metastases in 28 (19.6%); for anaplastic oligodendro- glioma in 4 (2.8%); and for other CNS tumors in 14 (9.8%). For patients with recurrent GBM, the median time from prior to current CNS tumor diagnosis was 341.5 days (IQR 88, 890). The majority of recurrent GBM patients had previously undergone systematic chemotherapy (87.5%) and radiation therapy (70.8%); only 8 (16.7%) had previously received BCNU wafers and only 4 (8.3%) had previously undergone alternating electric- feld therapy. Of patients with brain metastases, 15 (51.7%) had previously undergone stereotactic radiosurgery. Of GBM patients with baseline bio- marker assessments, MGMT promoter status was methylated in 52.1% (37/71), and IDH1 mutation status was positive in 15.9% (11/69). Median survival and contemporary practice patterns will be available at the time of presentation. CONCLUSIONS: In the VIGILANT registry to date, BCNU wafers have been implanted most often and with equal frequency for treat- ment of newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Preliminary safety and eff- cacy data are pending. ACTR-55. OPTIMIZED TREAT-RESECT-TREAT STUDY DESIGN FOR CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF A FIRST-IN-CLASS BIOLOGIC IN THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA Amanda Immidisetti, Chibueze Nwagwu, W. Shawn Carbonell, and Anne-Marie Carbonell; OncoSynergy, Inc., Greenwich, CT, USA INTRODUCTION: Development of effective treatments for high-grade glioma (HGG) including glioblastoma is hampered by 1) the blood brain barrier, 2) an infltrative growth pattern, 3) rapid development of adaptive therapeutic resistance, and 4) dose-limiting toxicity due to systemic ex- posure. Novel therapeutics and delivery techniques are warranted to over- come these obstacles and meaningfully improve patient outcomes. OS2966 is the frst ever clinical-ready therapeutic candidate against the adhesion receptor subunit, CD29/β1 integrin. CD29 is highly overexpressed in glio- blastoma and has been shown to drive tumor progression, invasion, and re- sistance to multiple modalities of therapy including immunotherapies. Here, we present a novel phase I trial design addressing all four obstacles plaguing effective treatment of HGG, while also enabling biomarker development. STUDY DESIGN: This 2-part, ascending concentration, phase I clinical trial will enroll patients with recurrent/progressive HGG requiring a clinically- indicated resection. In part 1, patients will undergo stereotactic tumor bi- opsy followed by placement of a purpose-built catheter which is used for intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of OS2966. Subsequently, patients undergo their clinically-indicated tumor resection followed by CED of OS2966 to the surrounding tumor-infltrated brain. Matched, pre- and post-infusion tumor specimens will be utilized for biomarker development and validation of target engagement by receptor occupancy. Dose escalation will be achieved using a unique concentration-based accelerated titration design. DISCUSSION: The present study design leverages multiple innov- ations including: 1) the latest CED technology, 2) two-part design including neoadjuvant intratumoral administration, 3) a frst-in-class investigational therapeutic, and 4) concentration-based dosing. A U.S. Food and Drug Ad- ministration (FDA) Investigational New Drug application (IND) for the above protocol is now active. ACTR-56. PHASE II TRIAL OF NILOTINIB IN PDGFR-ALPHA ENRICHED RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA David Picconi 1 , Tiffany Juarez 2 , and Santosh Kesari 2 ; 1 UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA, 2 John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA BACKGROUND: This phase II study was designed to determine the effcacy of nilotinib in a biomarker-selected population of recurrent glio- blastoma (GBM), enriched for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-alpha) activation. Nilotinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved as treatment for Philadelphia-chromosome/Bcr-Abl chronic myelogenous leukemia. In addition to targeting Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, it also inhibits PDGFR-alpha signaling. METHODS: Patients with recurrent GBM, with either PDGFR-alpha amplifcation or PDGFR-alpha overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were enrolled in a single-arm, single institu- tion phase II study. Nilotinib was administered at 400 mg twice a day. The primary end point was progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6). Sec- ondary end points were safety, overall survival (OS) and Objective Response Rate (ORR). RESULTS: 34 patients were treated (22 IDH-wild type GBM, 2 IDH-mutant GBM, 10 GBM NOS). 26 were male and 8 were female. Median age was 55.5 (range 22–78 years). Four patients had PDGFR-alpha amplifcation, and 30 had overexpression by IHC. Median lines of prior therapy were 1 (range 1–7). 6/34 patients (18%) experienced related ad- verse events grade ≥ 3. There were no grade 5 events. The PFS6 was 9% (3/34), and PFS12 was 6% (2/34). Median PFS was 1.3 months and the median OS was 6.6 months. Best response was stable disease (SD) for 8 patients and complete response (CR) for one patient. ORR was 1/34 pa- tients (3%). The patient with a CR was IDH-wild type, unmethylated, had PDGFR-alpha overexpression by IHC, and had a durable response > 5 years. CONCLUSION: Nilotinib had limited activity in recurrent GBM enriched for PDGFR-alpha, although there were a small number of durable responders. Further molecular characterization is warranted to determine additional biomarkers of response that could be used to select patients that may beneft from nilotinib. ACTR-57. A PHASE 1/2 STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) OPENING WITH A NINE-EMITTER IMPLANTABLE ULTRASOUND DEVICE IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS PRIOR TO CARBOPLATIN Ahmed Idbaih 1 , François Ducray 2 , John DeGroot 3 , Roger Stupp 4 , Jacques Guyotat 5 , Maciej S. Lesniak 6 , Adam Sonabend 7 , Jeffrey Weinberg 3 , Carole Desseaux 8 , Michael Canney 8 , Charlotte Schmitt 8 , and Alexandre Carpentier 9 ; 1 Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie Paris, France, 2 Service de Neuro-Oncologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, 3 University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, 4 Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 5 Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, 6 Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 8 CarThera, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France, 9 Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits penetration of systemically admin- istered therapies to brain tumors and peritumoral tissue and may be re- sponsible for the failure of numerous drugs in recent clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM). Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU), with con- comitant intravenous microbubble injection (DEFINITY®), can tempor- arily disrupt the BBB for 6–24 hours and allow for enhanced delivery of drugs to the brain. In previous clinical studies, a 1-cm ultrasound (US) device, SonoCloud-1, was implanted in a burr hole of recurrent GBM pa- tients (n=27) and used to disrupt the BBB prior to carboplatin infusion at AUC5. This ongoing pilot phase 1/2 study (NCT03744026) aims to evaluate the safety and effcacy of transient opening of the BBB by LIPU in rGBM with the SonoCloud-9, a larger nine-emitter implantable device, de- signed to cover the tumor and surrounding infltrative regions. The ultra- sound device is implanted in a 6 cm x 6 cm bone fap window after tumor debulking surgery. Patients receive a 270-second sonication every month with concomitant microbubble injection to disrupt the BBB followed by carboplatin infusion at AUC4-6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is performed to verify safety and extent of BBB disruption. This study began enrollment in early 2019 and is an international, open-label, single arm, multi-site, dose-escalation and expansion trial to evaluate the safety of escalating sonication volume (“dose”) with concurrent carboplatin. The number of activated emitters in the implant (3, 6, 9) is increased using a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Safety data of the escalation phase of the study will be presented. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article/21/Supplement_6/vi26/5620229 by guest on 04 January 2022
Abstracts
CONCLUSION: Glioblastoma patients with borderline MGMT promoter
methylation (qMSP ratio 2–4) do not seem to benefit from combination
treatment with CCNU/TMZ. Thus, we propose a qMSP cut-off of 4 as a
novel decision tool for clinicians. qMSP and PSQ show a high concordance
rate indicating that a decision for combination therapy can also be based
on PSQ results.
INTRODUCTION: The Vigilant ObservatIon of GlIadeL WAfer ImplaNT (VIGILANT) registry (NCT02684838) was initiated to evaluate the
use of BCNU wafers for treatment of CNS malignancies in contemporary
practice and in the new era of molecular analysis. METHODS: The VIGILANT registry is an observational study. Each patient receives usual care
from treating physicians in routine quarterly visits, with no registry-specific
visits required. The VIGILANT registry will enroll up to 500 patients at
35 US sites. Patients must be ≥18 years of age with no medical conditions
increasing risk through participation. Patient follow-up will last 3 years.
RESULTS: The interim analysis is ongoing, with the following preliminary
data. Of the 143 patients enrolled to date (mean age 59.8 ± 13.41 years,
60.1% male, 82.5% white), BCNU wafers have been implanted for newly
diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) in 49 (34.3%); for recurrent GBM in 48
(33.6%); for brain metastases in 28 (19.6%); for anaplastic oligodendroglioma in 4 (2.8%); and for other CNS tumors in 14 (9.8%). For patients
with recurrent GBM, the median time from prior to current CNS tumor
diagnosis was 341.5 days (IQR 88, 890). The majority of recurrent GBM
patients had previously undergone systematic chemotherapy (87.5%) and
radiation therapy (70.8%); only 8 (16.7%) had previously received BCNU
wafers and only 4 (8.3%) had previously undergone alternating electricfield therapy. Of patients with brain metastases, 15 (51.7%) had previously
undergone stereotactic radiosurgery. Of GBM patients with baseline biomarker assessments, MGMT promoter status was methylated in 52.1%
(37/71), and IDH1 mutation status was positive in 15.9% (11/69). Median
survival and contemporary practice patterns will be available at the time of
presentation. CONCLUSIONS: In the VIGILANT registry to date, BCNU
wafers have been implanted most often and with equal frequency for treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Preliminary safety and efficacy data are pending.
ACTR-55. OPTIMIZED TREAT-RESECT-TREAT STUDY DESIGN
FOR CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF A FIRST-IN-CLASS
BIOLOGIC IN THE TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA
Amanda Immidisetti, Chibueze Nwagwu, W. Shawn Carbonell, and
Anne-Marie Carbonell; OncoSynergy, Inc., Greenwich, CT, USA
INTRODUCTION: Development of effective treatments for high-grade
glioma (HGG) including glioblastoma is hampered by 1) the blood brain
barrier, 2) an infiltrative growth pattern, 3) rapid development of adaptive
therapeutic resistance, and 4) dose-limiting toxicity due to systemic exposure. Novel therapeutics and delivery techniques are warranted to overcome these obstacles and meaningfully improve patient outcomes. OS2966
is the first ever clinical-ready therapeutic candidate against the adhesion
receptor subunit, CD29/β1 integrin. CD29 is highly overexpressed in glioblastoma and has been shown to drive tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to multiple modalities of therapy including immunotherapies. Here,
we present a novel phase I trial design addressing all four obstacles plaguing
effective treatment of HGG, while also enabling biomarker development.
STUDY DESIGN: This 2-part, ascending concentration, phase I clinical trial
will enroll patients with recurrent/progressive HGG requiring a clinicallyindicated resection. In part 1, patients will undergo stereotactic tumor biopsy followed by placement of a purpose-built catheter which is used for
intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of OS2966. Subsequently,
patients undergo their clinically-indicated tumor resection followed by CED
of OS2966 to the surrounding tumor-infiltrated brain. Matched, pre- and
post-infusion tumor specimens will be utilized for biomarker development
and validation of target engagement by receptor occupancy. Dose escalation
will be achieved using a unique concentration-based accelerated titration
design. DISCUSSION: The present study design leverages multiple innovations including: 1) the latest CED technology, 2) two-part design including
neoadjuvant intratumoral administration, 3) a first-in-class investigational
therapeutic, and 4) concentration-based dosing. A U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Investigational New Drug application (IND) for the
above protocol is now active.
vi26
NE URO- ON C OLOGY
•
BACKGROUND: This phase II study was designed to determine the
efficacy of nilotinib in a biomarker-selected population of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), enriched for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha
(PDGFR-alpha) activation. Nilotinib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved
as treatment for Philadelphia-chromosome/Bcr-Abl chronic myelogenous
leukemia. In addition to targeting Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, it also inhibits
PDGFR-alpha signaling. METHODS: Patients with recurrent GBM, with
either PDGFR-alpha amplification or PDGFR-alpha overexpression by
immunohistochemistry (IHC) were enrolled in a single-arm, single institution phase II study. Nilotinib was administered at 400 mg twice a day. The
primary end point was progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6). Secondary end points were safety, overall survival (OS) and Objective Response
Rate (ORR). RESULTS: 34 patients were treated (22 IDH-wild type GBM,
2 IDH-mutant GBM, 10 GBM NOS). 26 were male and 8 were female.
Median age was 55.5 (range 22–78 years). Four patients had PDGFR-alpha
amplification, and 30 had overexpression by IHC. Median lines of prior
therapy were 1 (range 1–7). 6/34 patients (18%) experienced related adverse events grade ≥ 3. There were no grade 5 events. The PFS6 was 9%
(3/34), and PFS12 was 6% (2/34). Median PFS was 1.3 months and the
median OS was 6.6 months. Best response was stable disease (SD) for 8
patients and complete response (CR) for one patient. ORR was 1/34 patients (3%). The patient with a CR was IDH-wild type, unmethylated,
had PDGFR-alpha overexpression by IHC, and had a durable response >
5 years. CONCLUSION: Nilotinib had limited activity in recurrent GBM
enriched for PDGFR-alpha, although there were a small number of durable
responders. Further molecular characterization is warranted to determine
additional biomarkers of response that could be used to select patients that
may benefit from nilotinib.
ACTR-57. A PHASE 1/2 STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY
AND EFFICACY OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB) OPENING
WITH A NINE-EMITTER IMPLANTABLE ULTRASOUND
DEVICE IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS PRIOR TO
CARBOPLATIN
Ahmed Idbaih1, François Ducray2, John DeGroot3, Roger Stupp4,
Jacques Guyotat5, Maciej S. Lesniak6, Adam Sonabend7, Jeffrey Weinberg3,
Carole Desseaux8, Michael Canney8, Charlotte Schmitt8, and
Alexandre Carpentier9; 1Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S
1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux
Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie
Paris, France, 2Service de Neuro-Oncologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon,
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, 3University of Texas MD
Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA, 4Northwestern University,
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 5Hospices Civils de
Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France, 6Department
of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern
University, Chicago, IL, USA, 7Northwestern University, Feinberg School
of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 8CarThera, Institut du Cerveau et de la
Moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France, 9Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de
Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de
Neurochirurgie, Paris, France
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits penetration of systemically administered therapies to brain tumors and peritumoral tissue and may be responsible for the failure of numerous drugs in recent clinical trials for
glioblastoma (GBM). Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU), with concomitant intravenous microbubble injection (DEFINITY®), can temporarily disrupt the BBB for 6–24 hours and allow for enhanced delivery of
drugs to the brain. In previous clinical studies, a 1-cm ultrasound (US)
device, SonoCloud-1, was implanted in a burr hole of recurrent GBM patients (n=27) and used to disrupt the BBB prior to carboplatin infusion
at AUC5. This ongoing pilot phase 1/2 study (NCT03744026) aims to
evaluate the safety and efficacy of transient opening of the BBB by LIPU in
rGBM with the SonoCloud-9, a larger nine-emitter implantable device, designed to cover the tumor and surrounding infiltrative regions. The ultrasound device is implanted in a 6 cm x 6 cm bone flap window after tumor
debulking surgery. Patients receive a 270-second sonication every month
with concomitant microbubble injection to disrupt the BBB followed by
carboplatin infusion at AUC4-6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is
performed to verify safety and extent of BBB disruption. This study began
enrollment in early 2019 and is an international, open-label, single arm,
multi-site, dose-escalation and expansion trial to evaluate the safety of
escalating sonication volume (“dose”) with concurrent carboplatin. The
number of activated emitters in the implant (3, 6, 9) is increased using
a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Safety data of the escalation phase of the
study will be presented.
N OV E MB E R 2 0 1 9
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/neuro-oncology/article/21/Supplement_6/vi26/5620229 by guest on 04 January 2022
ACTR-54. VIGILANT OBSERVATION OF GLIADEL WAFER IMPLANT
(VIGILANT) REGISTRY: INTERIM ANALYSIS
Kevin Lillehei1, Steven Kalkanis2, Linda Liau3, Jeffrey Olson4,
Nina Paleologos5, Timothy Ryken6, Tania Johnson7, and Evan Scullin7;
1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,
2Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA, 3University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 4Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,
5Advocate Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA, 6Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical
Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, 7Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Atlanta, GA, USA
ACTR-56. PHASE II TRIAL OF NILOTINIB IN PDGFR-ALPHA
ENRICHED RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
David Picconi1, Tiffany Juarez2, and Santosh Kesari2; 1UC San Diego
Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA, 2John Wayne Cancer Institute,
Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Tres excelentes escritores, el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua y Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, consiguieron registrar un recuerdo trascendente de la antigüedad andina. Postulamos que en los Comentarios Reales [1609], la Relación de Antigüedades deste Reyno del Pirú [1613] y la Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno [1615], ellos construyeron una memoria del pasado reivindicado a pesar de la colonialidad de su época. Este hecho nos ha impulsado a interpretar las circunstancias en que la historia de los pueblos de los Andes durante el siglo XVI experimentó una serie de alteraciones culturales, y a explicar cómo una identidad étnica trascendió gracias a la escritura histórica.
The ultimate aim of education is the construction of wisdom. But the wisdom can hardly be achieved free of contents. As the scientific and technological knowledge explodes new subject matter areas are emerging and the body of knowledge within the present ones are getting bigger, and larger. Overlaps between the contents of different domains are also intensifying. Refinement of outmoded elements and contraction of continuously expanding information into a viable curriculum is an essential educational task with high priority. Apparently, since such educational design projects in education are multidimensional in nature educators need help from the disciplines of other domains. This challenging task can be carried out within different modes of disciplinary contexts. Therefore, criteria will be proposed to discriminate between mono-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary approaches to begin with. Four disciplinary perspectives will be compared and contrasted in terms of major structural components of instructional systems. The structural components of any instructional system are the objectives, physical setting, social setting, instructional methods, instructional media, and the instructor. At the intersection points of the rows representing the curricular elements, and of the columns signifying the disciplinary modes hypothetical features of real or probable practices will be plotted. Also, unitary (subject matter centered) curriculum, core curriculum, and spiral curriculum paradigms will briefly be mentioned during the critical analysis of major disciplinary approaches. Effective use of dynamic properties of systems will be attempted at each point. Initial values of hermeneutic judgments will be supplied by the author to encourage the discussion. Suggestions and criticisms will be collected in return.
Machines as mechanisms making easy human life, in their most primitive forms, go back to the ancient ages. It is possible to say that they are older than theoretical knowledge, because one received support from these devices in his struggle with nature. These devices had been developed in hands of Roman engineers after Alexandrian times. We met new machines that have been never appeared previously in Medieval Islam. The book of Ingenious Machines by Al-Jazarî was a turning point in the history of machine. Other machine works also had been written after Al-Jazarî like that of Taqi al-Dîn. The subject of this text is the process of development of machines in Islamic and Ottoman civilizations. Key Words: History of machine, History of technology. Yunanca "mekhane" sözcüğünün Latinceye "machine" olarak geçmesinden türemiş makine sözcüğünün, esasında İbraniceden Yunancaya geçtiği tahmin edilmektedir. Eski Yunanlılar İbraniceye ve bu dille kaleme alınan yazıtlara aşina olduklarından, onlardan sıklıkla terim ve sözcük ödünç almışlardı. İbranice "Mekhona" sözcüğünü "mekhane" olarak aktarmış olmaları muhtemeldir.
Scientific activities are concerned with the construction, the evaluation, and the refinement of theories whose statements can be predictive with respect to the represented systems' behaviours. In the context of the Philosophy of Computer Science (Angius et al. 2021), empirical theories of software systems have been acknowledged, consistent with the semantic view of theories (Suppe 1989), in terms of the family of computational models representing the potential executions of the software under examination (Angius and Tamburrini 2011). According to
The paper examines active and interactive methods used during the organization of the teaching process are mentioned, their purposes and tasks are analyzed, and opportunities for their implementation are presented. Scientific findings of the application of interactive methods in the physical training process of young aged students are investigated. The globalization process has led to the creation of new education models and ensured the integration of traditional education forms into new education models. The development of training with active and interactive methods and the application of the new pedagogy-psychology mechanism in the physical training process are considered as the main tasks. It enables the teacher to be competent in the field of physical training and to have certain quality indicators, and it enables the understanding of the nature of the facilitation process.