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JURNAL YAQZHAN: Analisis Filsafat, Agama dan Kemanusiaan
Caesar William Augusta - 20171000008, 2021
Pendidikan pada hakikat nya memiliki tujuan untuk menanamkan pengetahuan, pemikiran yang kritis, keterampilan, sikap, apresiasi, minat dan penyesuaian diri yang personal serta sosial. Semua unsur sistem yang terdapat dalam pendidikan sejatinya adalah hasil dari penelitian yang kemudian bisa di tetapkan secara tepat apakah sebuah proses pendidikan dapat disebut berhasil dengan maksimal atau tidak.
GHANCARAN: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia
The background in this article is about the policies that have been offered by the Minister of Education and Culture Nadiem Makarim regarding the Independent Learning curriculum. This concept requires a response from educators to provide views on the program. The writing of this article aims to describe the concept of positivism philosophy towards Indonesian language learning in the Merdeka Learning era. The method used is a literature study with data collection carried out by literature searches from relevant research for later analysis. The result of this article is the concept of positivism in learning Indonesian in the Merdeka Learning Era from the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
Paradigma, 2015
By @triwaa__ Kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini sangat memprihatinkan. Ini dibuktikan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia berada pada urutan ke-12 dari 12 negara di Asia, menurut survei Political and Economic Risk Consultant (PERC). Posisi Indonesia berada di bawah Vietnam. Data yang dilaporkan The World Economic Forum Swedia (2000), Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang rendah, yaitu hanya menduduki urutan ke-37 dari 57 negara yang disurvei di dunia. Dan masih menurut survai dari lembaga yang sama Indonesia hanya berpredikat sebagai follower bukan sebagai pemimpin teknologi dari 53 negara di dunia. Kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia memang masih sangat rendah bila di bandingkan dengan kualitas pendidikan di negara-negara lain. Hal-hal yang menjadi penyebab utamanya yaitu efektifitas, efisiensi, dan standardisasi pendidikan yang masih kurang dioptimalkan. Pendidikan yang efektif adalah suatu pendidikan yang memungkinkan peserta didik untuk dapat belajar dengan mudah, menyenangkan dan dapat tercapai tujuan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Dengan demikian, pendidik (dosen, guru, instruktur, dan trainer) dituntut untuk dapat meningkatkan keefektifan pembelajaran agar pembelajaran tersebut dapat berguna. Namun selama ini, banyak pendapat beranggapan bahwa pendidikan formal dinilai hanya menjadi formalitas saja untuk membentuk sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Tidak perduli bagaimana hasil pembelajaran formal tersebut, yang terpenting adalah telah melaksanakan pendidikan di jenjang yang tinggi dan dapat dianggap hebat oleh masyarakat. Anggapan seperti itu jugalah yang menyebabkan efektifitas pengajaran di Indonesia sangat rendah. Setiap orang mempunyai kelebihan dibidangnya masing-masing dan diharapkan dapat mengambil pendidikaan sesuai bakat dan minatnya bukan hanya untuk dianggap hebat oleh orang lain. Efisien adalah bagaimana menghasilkan efektifitas dari suatu tujuan dengan proses yang lebih 'murah'. Beberapa masalah efisiensi pengajaran di Indonesia adalah mahalnya biaya pendidikan, waktu yang digunakan dalam proses pendidikan, mutu pegajar dan banyak hal lain yang menyebabkan kurang efisiennya proses pendidikan di Indonesia. Yang juga berpengaruh dalam peningkatan sumber daya manusia Indonesia yang lebih baik. Peserta didik Indonesia terkadang hanya memikirkan bagaiman agar mencapai standar pendidikan saja, bukan bagaimana agar pendidikan yang diambil efektif dan dapat digunakan. Tidak perduli bagaimana cara agar memperoleh hasil atau lebih spesifiknya nilai yang diperoleh, yang terpenting adalah memenuhi nilai di atas standar saja. Hal seperti ini sangat disayangkan karena berarti pendidikan seperti kehilangan makna saja karena terlalu menuntun standar kompetensi. Hal itu jelas salah satu penyebab rendahnya mutu pendidikan di Indonesia.
Jurnal Tahdzibi : Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 2019
2021
Pendidikan bukan lagi untuk semua orang, namun kini telah mengarah hanya untuk sekelompok orang yang memiliki ?kantongtebal?. Adagiomyangmengatakan?orang miskin dilarang sekolah‘ juga menjadi jargon yang sering kita dengar dan semakin nyaring ketika memasuki tahun ajaranbaru. Masuk ke perguruan tinggi pun seakan menjadi mimpi bagi banyak orang, bahkan tak jarang kita temukan fakta mahasiswa karena keterbatasan biaya terpaksa harus berhenti kuliah. Bahkan yang paling memprihatinkan bagaimana cerita sedih si anak pintar, dengan hati berbunga-bunga karena telah dinyatakan lulus seleksi di perguruan tinggi bergengsi di Indonesia dia melakukan daftar ulang namun apa mau dikata pihak perguruan tinggi bergengsi tersebut meminta uang untuk biaya gedung, sedangkan si anak pintar tadi bersama ibunya tidak memiliki uang sebesar itu, pada akhirnya semua keinginanya untuk kuliah diperguruan tinggi bergengsi di Indonesia itupun pudar. Ironismemang. Sekelumit cerita diatas belum menggambarkan baga...
The river side press of Cambridge - Boston -Houghton , Mifflin and Conpany, 1885
" one of the greatest and most fascinating of all problems connected with the history of mankind. That this true solution has not been furnished before is not strange. The suggestion that primitive Eden was at the Arctic Pole seems at first sight the most incredible of all wild and willful paradoxes. And it is only within the lifetime of our own generation that the progress of geological discovery has relieved the hypothesis of fatal antecedent improbability. Moreover, when one considers the enormous variety and breadth of the fields from which its evidences of truth must be derived ; when one remembers how recent are those com parative sciences on whose results the argument must chiefly depend ; when one observes that many of the most striking of our alleged proofs, The indication of the polocentric character com mon to the mythical systems of sacred geography among all ancient peoples will probably be new to every reader. The new light thrown upon such questions as those relating to the direction of the Sacred Quarter, the location of the Abode of the Dead, the character and position of the Cosmical Tree, the course of the backward-flowing Oceanriver, the correlation of the ; Navels " of Earth and Heaven, not to enumerate other points, can hardly fail to attract the lively attention of all students and teachers of ancient mythology and myth ical geography. To teachers of Homer the fresh contributions to ward a right understanding of Homeric cosmology are sure to prove of value. And if, in the end, trie work may only lead to a systematic and intelligent teaching of the long neglected, but most important science of ancient cosmology and mythical geography in all reputable universities and classical schools, it will surely not have been written in vain. ( THESE 2 MAIN/EXCITING PARTS ARE TAKEN FROM THE PREFACE SEE BOOK FOR FULL PREFACE) PAGE 121 Now, to make this key a graphic illustration of Homeric cosmology, it is only necessary to write in place of LOFTY OLYMPOS ; in place of 555, THE OCEAN STREAM;in place of 666, ; HOUSE OF HAIDES ; (Hades) ; and in place of 7 7 7 7, ; GLOOMY TARTAROS. magine, then, the light as falling from the upper heavens, the lower terrestrial hemisphere, therefore, as forever in the shade ; imagine the Tartarean abyss as filled with Stygian gloom and blackness, fit dungeon-house for de throned gods and powers of evil ; imagine the ; stars, silently wheeling round the central upright axis of the lighted hemispheres, and sud denly the confusions and supposed contradictions of classic cosmology disappear. We are in the very world in which immortal Homer lived and sang. It's no longer an obscure crag in Thessaly, from which heaven-shaking Zeus proposes to suspend the whole earth and ocean. The eye measures for itself the nine days fall of Hesiod s brazen anvil from heaven to earth, from earth to Tartarus. The Hyperboreans are now a possibility. Now a descmsus ad inferos can be made by voyagers in the black ship. Un numbered commentators upon Homer have pro fessed their despair of ever being able to harmonize the passages in which Hades is represented as ; beyond the ocean t; with those in which it is represented as subterranean. Conceive of mans dwelling-place, of Hades, and the ocean, as in this key, and the notable difficulty instantaneously vanishes. Just some of the : Mountain of the world Passages from the book- Page 137 Everywhere, therefore, in the most ancient ethnic thought, in the Egyptian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Indian, Persian, Chinese, and Greek, everywhere is encountered this conception of what, looked at with respect to its base and magnitude, is called the " Mountain of the World," but looked at with respect to its glorious summit and its celestial inhabitants is styled the " Mountain of the Gods." We need not pursue the investigation further. Enough has been said to warrant the assertion of Dr. Samuel Beal : ;It is plain that this idea of a lofty central primeval mountain belonged to the undivided human race. ! Elsewhere the same learned sinologue has said,;I have no doubt I can have none that the idea of a central mountain, and of the rivers flowing from it, and the abode of the gods upon its summit, is a primitive myth derived from the earliest traditions of our race.2 The ideas of the ancients respecting the Under world, that is the southern hemisphere of the earth beyond the equatorial ocean, are sufficiently set forth in the writer s essay on " Homer s Abode of the Dead, printed in the Appendix of the present work. PAGE 148 - CHAPTER IV. THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN EAST ARYAN OR HINDU THOUGHT. The reader cannot have failed to be struck, as the first explorers of Sanskrit literature have been, with tfa close analogy, -we might even say the perfect identity , of all the essential features of the typical description of Mount Meru in the Puranas with the topography of Eden in the second chapter of Genesis. The garden of Eden (gan-Eden], the garden of God (gan-Elohim, Ezek. xxviii. 13), which is guarded by the anointed and protecting Kerub (Ezek. xxviii. 14, 16), is placed, like the garden of delight of the gods of India, on the summit of a mountain, the holy mountain of God (har qodesh Elohim (Ezek. xxviii. 14, 16), all sparkling with precious stones (Ibid.).*- LENORMANT. IN what kind of a world lived the ancient Brahman ? And what was his conception of the location of the cradle of the race ? One of the oldest of the elaborate geographical treatises of India is the Vishnu Purana. Taking this as a guide, let us place ourselves alongside one of the ancients of the country, and look about us. PAGE 155 THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN IRANIAN, OR OLD-PER SIAN, THOUGHT. . ACCORDING to the sacred books of the ancient Persians all the five-and-twenty races of men which people the seven "keshvares" of the earth descended from one primitive pair, whose names were Mashyoi and Mashya. The abode of this primitive pair was in the keshvare Kvaniras, the central and the fairest of the seven. 1 Let us see if we can determine its location. As a key to the old Iranian conception of the world let us investigate the nature and location of ; Chinvat bridge. PAGE 164 With their ideas probably no archseologist was more familiar than the late Francois Lenormant, and he expresses himself as follows : " The Chaldees, says Diodorus Siculus (lib. ii., 31), have quite an opinion of their own about the shape of the earth ; they imagine it to have the form of a boat turned upside down, and to be hollow underneath. This opinion remained to the last in the Chaldaean sacerdotal schools ; their astronomers believed in it, and tried, according to Diodorus, to support it byscientific arguments. // is of very ancient origin, a remnant of the ideas of the purely Akkadian period. . . . Let us imagine, then, a boat, turned over ; not such an one as we are in the habit of seeing, but a round skiff, like those which are still used under the name of Kufa on the shores of the lower Tigris and Euphrates, and of which there are many represen tations in the historical sculptures of the Assyrian palaces ; the sides of this round skiff bend upwards from the point of the greatest width, so that they are shaped like a hollow sphere deprived of two thirds of its height [?], and showing a circular open ing at the point of division. Such was the form of the earth according to the authors of the Akkadian magical formulae and the Chaldaean astrologers of after years TABLE OF CONTENTS (Page numbers inside book) This will get you a feel of the book in my costum abstracts - Part First: The Location of Eden: State of the Question Chapter I: The Results of Explorers, Historians, and Legendary Accounts • Columbus approaching the gate • The report of Sir John de Mandeville • The adventures of Prince Eirek • The voyages of St. Brandan and of Oger • The success of the author of The Book of Enoch • An equestrian’s anticipations • David Livingstone, a searcher for Eden • Unanimous verdict: Non est inventus Chapter II: The Results of Theologians • Ideas of the church fathers • Opinions of Luther and of Calvin • Contemporary opinion entirely conflicting • Inconclusive character of the Biblical data • The garden “eastward” • The “Euphrates” • The problem “unsolved if not insoluble” Pages below are 33- 57 - Here is the revised and formatted table of contents for the provided text: The Results of Non-Theological Scholars: Naturalists, Ethnologists, etc. • The Unity of the Human Species • But one “mother-region” • Its location: ten different answers • Views of Darwin, Hackel, Peschel, etc. • Views of Quatrefages, Obry, etc. • Locations of lost Atlantis • Theory of Friedrich Delitzsch • Theory of E. Beauvois • Theory of Gerald Massey • The Utopians • Despair of a solution Part Second: A Fresh Hypothesis: Primitive Eden at the North Pole Chapter I. The Hypothesis, and the Conditions of Its Admissibility • Statement of the hypothesis • Seven sciences to be satisfied Chapter II. Important New Features at Once Introduced into the Problem of the Site of Eden and the Significance of These for a Valid Solution • Seven peculiarities of a polar Eden • Our hypothesis consequently most difficult • Its certain break-down if not true Part Third: The Hypothesis Scientifically Tested and Confirmed Chapter I. The Testimony of Scientific Geognosy • Popular prepossessions • Secular refrigeration of the earth Page 58 -86 (now the chapter content subjects will be numbered thr out this abstract I was having technical difficulties earlier in the abstract) Implications of the Doctrine • Inevitable implications of the doctrine (58) • Bearing of these upon our problem (59) II. The Testimony of Astronomical Geography • Length of the polar day (60) • Mistakes of Geikie and Lyell (60) • The actual duration of daylight (61) • Experience of Weyprecht and Payer (62) • Experience of Barentz (63) • Citation from Baron Nordenskjöld (63) • The statement of Captain Parr (64) • The explanation of discrepancies (65) • A safe settlement of the question (66) • The polar night (68) • Aspects and progress of the polar day (69) • A paradisaic abode (70) III. The Testimony of Physiographical Geology Chapter III. The Testimony of Physiographical Geology: • A primitive circumpolar continent: 71 • Anticipated by Klee: 71 • Speculations of Wallace: 72 • Postulated by Professor Heer: 73 • Also by Baron Nordenskjöld: 73 • Testimony of Starkie Gardner: 74 • Testimony of Geikie: 74 • Theories as to its submergence: 75 • Adhémar's theory: 75 • Theory of tidal action: 75 • Leibnitz's theory of crust-collapse: 79 • Summary of evidence under this head: 82 Chapter IV. The Testimony of Prehistoric Climatology: • Primeval temperature at the Pole: 83 • The evidence of scientific geogony: 84 • The evidence of paleontological botany: 84 • Testimony of life-history: 85 • Estimates of Professor Heer: 85 • Declaration of Sir Charles Lyell: 86 • Conclusion: 86 Chapter V. The Testimony of Paleontological Botany • The starting-point of all floral types (87) • A remarkable recent discovery (87) • Sir Joseph Hooker (88) • The contribution of Heer (89) • Of Professor Asa Gray (90) • The claim of Count Saporta (90) • The conclusions of Otto Kuntze (92) Chapter VI. The Testimony of Paleontological Zoology • Geographical distribution of animals (93) • First remarkable fact (93) • Second remarkable fact (94) • Language of Professor Orton (94) • Language of Professor Packard (94) • Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace cited (95) • Conclusion (95) Chapter VII. The Testimony of Paleontological Anthropology and General Ethnology • One traveler who has been in Eden (97) • His note-books lost (97) • What says Paleoethnique science? (97) • The first conclusions of Quatrefages (98) • His premonitions of a new doctrine (98) • Count Saporta's conclusions (99) • F. Muller and M. Wagner's views on Anthropogony by virtue of ice and cold (100) • An unacceptable theory (101) Chapter VIII. Conclusion of Part Third • A word from Principal Dawson (102) • Summary of results thus far (102) • An unexpected reinforcement (103) • "Where did Life Begin?" (103) • Confirmatory (103) Part Fourth: The Hypothesis Confirmed by Ethnic Tradition Chapter I: Ancient Cosmology and Mythical Geography * The mistaken modern assumption (117) * The "True Key" (120) * General statement (121) * The "Mountain of the World" (123) * The same in Egyptian Mythology (124) * In the Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian (126) * In the Chinese (128) * In the Indo-Aryan (129) * In the Buddhistic (131) * In the Iranian (133) * In the Greek and Roman (135) * The Underworld (137) * Cautions as to interpretation (137) * The chorography of Christian hymns (138) Chapter II: The Cradle of the Race in Ancient Japanese Thought * The most ancient Japanese book (140) * Japanese cosmogony (140) * Izanagi's spear (140) * "The Island of the Congealed Drop" (141) * Sir Edward Reed places it at the Pole (141) * Mr. Griffis reaches the same conclusion (141) Chapter III: The Cradle of the Race in Chinese Thought * The Taoist paradise (143) * Descriptions (143) * The stupendous world-pillar (144) * Connects the terrestrial and celestial paradises (145) * Same idea in the Talmud (145) * "The Strength of the Hill of Sion" (145) * Shang-te's upper and lower palaces (146) * At the celestial and terrestrial Poles (146) Chapter IV. The Cradle of the Race in East Aryan or Hindu Thought * The world of the Brahmans (148) * The abode of Yama (149) * The varshas of the upper world (150) * The northward journey to Mount Meru (150) * The descent to Uttarakuru (151) * Illustrations of the Puranic world (151) * Ilavrita, the Hindu's Eden (151) * Its north polar position (151) * Lenormant's language (151) * Ritter's unwitting testimony (154) * "The polar region is Meru" (154) * "Meru the Garden of the Tree of Life" (154) Chapter V. The Cradle of the Race in Iranian or Old-Persian Thought * The primitive pair and their abode (155) * Key to the Iranian cosmography (155) * The Chinvat Bridge (155) * Current misinterpretations (156) * Twelve questions answered (156) * True nature of the bridge (158) * Its position (158) * Position of Kvaniras (158) * The mythic geography of the Persians (159) * Diagram of the Keshvares (159) * Polar position of "Iran the Ancient" (161) Chapter VI. The Cradle of the Race in Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian Thought * The sacred mountain (163) * Chaldaean cosmology (163) * Lenormant's exposition (163) * Three inconsistencies (165) * Location of the world-mountain (166) * Lenormant's difficulties (166) * The true solution (168) * Two Akkads (168) * The mount of the Underworld (169) * It determines the site of Kharsak (170) * And this the site of the Akkadian Eden (171) Chapter VII. The Cradle of the Race in Ancient Egyptian Thought * Underestimates of Egyptian science (172) * Six theses in Egyptian cosmology (173) * Its earth a sphere (174) * Northern and southern termini (174) * Four supports of heaven at the North (174) * A parallel in Buddhist cosmology (175) * The southern hemisphere the Underworld (176) * The highest North the abode of the gods (179) * An interesting hieroglyph (179) * Plato's Egyptian Eden-story (181) Chapter VIII. The Cradle of the Race in Ancient Greek Thought * Supposed discrepancies of tradition (182) * Possible agreement (182) * A reminiscence of Mount Meru (183) * Renan and Lenormant (183) * Lost Atlantis (184) * Deukalion, a man of the North (186) * The Isles of Kronos (187) * The Golden Age (187) * Wolfgang Menzel's verdict (187) * Conclusion and transition (187) Part Fifth. Further Verifications of the Hypothesis Based Upon a Study of the Peculiarities of a Polar Paradise Chapter I. The Eden Stars * Stellar motion at the Pole (191) * Has tradition any reminiscence of such? (191) * The strange doctrine of Anaxagoras (191) * Chaldaean and Egyptian traditions (193) * A natural explanation (194) * The myth of Phaethon (195) * Iranian and Aztec traditions (196) * Result (196) Chapter II. The Eden Day * Length of day at the Pole (197) * Sunrise in the South (197) * The tradition of the Northmen (197) * The tradition of the ancient Persians (197) * The tradition of the East Aryans (198) * The year-day of Homer (200) * The tradition of the Navajos (201) Chapter III. The Eden Zenith * The polar zenith is the Pole (202) * This the true heaven of the first men (202) * The Hebrew conception (203) * The Egyptian conception (208) * The Akkadian conception (209) * The Assyrio-Babylonian conception (209) * The Sabaean conception (210) * The Vedic conception (210) * The Buddhistic conception (211) * The Phoenician conception (212) * The Greek conception (212) * The Etruscan and Roman conception (213) * The Japanese conception (215) * The Chinese conception (215) * The ancient Germanic conception (217) * The ancient Finnic conception (218) * How came the Biblical Eden to be in the East? (219) * Solution of the problem (219) * Confirmations and illustrations (222) Chapter IV. The Navel of the Earth * Prevalence of the expression (225) * Its symbolical and commemorative character (228) * The Jerusalem earth-center (234) * That of the Greeks (234) * That of the Babylonians (239) • * That of the Hindus (240) That of the Persians 243 That of the Chinese 244 That of the Japanese 245 That of the Northmen 246 That of the Mexicans 246 That of the Peruvians and others 247 Result 248 CHAPTER V. THE QUADRIFURCATE RIVER. Chapter V: The Quadrifurcate River * Origin and nature of this river (250) * Sacred hydrography of the Persians (251) + All waters have one headspring (251) + Also one place of discharge (251) * Exposition of the system (252) * Similar ideas among the Greeks (254) * The Vedic system (257) * The Puranic (259) * Traces in Christian legend (260) Chapter VI: The Central Tree * The tree in the midst of the garden (262) * Were there two? (262) * Its inevitable significance if at the North Pole (263) * The Yggdrasil of the Northmen (264) * The World-tree of the Akkadians (264) * The Tat-pillar of the Egyptians (265) * The Winged Oak of the Phoenicians (266) * The White Horn of the Persians (267) * The cosmic Asvattha of the Hindus (269) * The holy Palm of the Greeks (270) * The Bodhi tree of the Buddhists (271) * The Irmensul of the Saxons (272) * The Arbre Sec of the Middle Ages (273) * The Tong of the Chinese (274) * The World-reed of the Navajos (274) * The Apple-tree of Avalon (276) * The star-bearing World-tree of the Finns (276) Here are the organized chapter contents: Chapter I. The Exuberance of Life - Ethnic traditions of the Earth's deterioration (279) - Also of the deterioration of mankind (281) - Stature and longevity of primeval men (281) - All credible on our hypothesis (284) - Language of Professor Nicholson (285) - A citation from Figuier (285) - The gigantic Sequoia of Arctic origin (286) - Animal life in the Tertiary period (289) - Primitive forms by no means monstrosities (294) - All this wealth of fauna from the North (297) Chapter II. Review of the Argument - Nature of the argument (300) - Seven tests applicable to any location (300) - Seven others peculiar to a location at the Pole (300) - A double demonstration (301) - Bailly's approximation to the truth (303) - Another independent line of evidence (303) - Philosophy of previous failures (304) - Philosophy of mediaeval confusion (304) - Patristic descriptions made plain (305) - The world of Cosmas Indicopleustes (35) - The world of Columbus (36) - The world of Dante (37) - How highest heaven came to be under foot (39) Part Sixth. The Significance of Our Results Chapter I. Their Bearing Upon the Study of Biology and Terrestrial Physics - The sciences immediately affected (3) - The services of biology to archaeology (3) - The services of archaeology to biology (3*4) - Narrowness of many biologists (3*5) - Evils thereof (3*5) Chapter II. The Bearing of Our Results on the Study of Ancient Literature - Darwin's primeval man (326) - His discovery of the sky (327) - And of trees of infinite height (327) - The "short memories" of Vedic worshipers (327) - Their ocean-producing imaginations (328) - Bunbury on Homeric science (328) - Exegetical distortions of ancient thought (328) - Homer's cosmology re-expounded (329) - Its fruitfulness in the future (360) Chapter III. The Bearing of Our Results on the Problem of the Origin and Earliest Form of Religion - The pan-ethnic account (363) - Hume's dissent (364) - The doctrine of Comte (369) - Miiller's refutation of primitive fetichism (370) - Sir John Lubbock's scheme (372) - Refutation by Roskoff and others (375) - Caspari's theory (375) - The theory of Jules Baissac Current approximations of teaching 385 As to the origin of the arts 386 As to intellectual powers of the first men 386 As to their super-fetichistic attitude 390 As to their monogamous family form 392 As to their capacity for monotheism 397 Seven conclusions "... 403 CHAPTER IV. THE BEARING OF OUR RESULTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND ON THE THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION. The apostles of primeval savagery 407 Their doctrine 407 Sub-savage stupidity of the first men 408 Dr. Wilhelm Mannhardt s representation 409 A most important primitive discovery 410 Daphne not a tree 410 Emphatic demand for antediluvian longevity .... 410 The new Babel 411 Nine memoranda 41 1 Primeval human history 418 The ancient ethnic view Biblical and true 419 Plato s antediluvian age 420 The consensus of all ancient religions 422 The " Stone Age " in the light of our results .... 422 Origin of postdiluvian laws and states 423 An imaginary conversation 424 A pagan testimony 432 To those who hear not Moses and the Prophets . . . 432 Conclusion 432 APPENDIX. I The Earth of Columbus not a True Sphere . . .435 II. How the Earth was Peopled 437 III. Reception of " The True Key " 45 IV. The Earth and World of the Hindus . . . -459 V. The World-Pillar of the Rig Veda 465 VI. Homer s Abode of the Dead 46? VII. Latest Polar Research 47 VIII. Trustworthiness of Early Tradition .... 492 IX. Index of Authors cited 497 - organize this please
Сравнение княжеских ономастиконов древнерусских Рюриковичей и моравских Моймировичей (IX–XI вв.) , 2013
Psychology of Religion and Spirituality , 2018
Όψεις οικιστικής οργάνωσης της Ύστερης Εποχής Χαλκού στη Δυτική Μακεδονία. Η περίπτωση της θέσης στα Αλώνια Ποντοκώμης, 2022
Kỹ năng hoà giải trong trọng tài quốc tế (Mediation in arbitral proceedings and Med-Arb-Med), 2023
"Les mines nous rendent pauvres" L'exploitation minière industrielle au Burkina Faso, 2018
Craig Churchill / Michal Matul (eds.), Protecting the poor: a microinsurance compendium Vol. II, Geneva: International Labour Office and Munich Re Foundation, 40-58, 2012
Prion, 2013
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012
Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2016
Journal of Crystal Growth, 2011
Educação: Uma Nova Agenda para a Emancipação 2, 2019
مركز دراسات المرأة بجامعة بغداد, 2023