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Explaining a process or procedure Basic Skills and Tools to Teach Content Subjects in English Mª del Mar Suárez Vilagran Series of events, steps or changes What is a process? Established process  procedure Natural or with human intervention Organization + visual aid Preliminary: background info, unfamiliar terms, when and what Logically Use lists or chronological explanation Spatially  objects (>1) Tasks 1 & 2 Rhetorical questions for: • Getting the audience’s attention • Leading the audience into the topic • Beginning a “relationship” with the audience Intro to the process/procedure Pre-teaching: • Unknown terms: which and when to introduce them • Presentation strategies: to enhance listener’s comprehension and interaction Definition of the process Purpose of the process Equipment and material used Relevance People involved Number of steps Background information Deictic linguistic elements involved in all the above Task 3 Linguistic elements • Let’s + questions (discourse flow + breaks) • Time connectors (for organizational purposes) • Present tense • Passive voice: another agent intervenes • Active voice: natural process • Imperative with ‘you’ + modal • Cleft-sentences with ‘what’ when stressing an important step Task 4 Let’s • To inform listerns of a transition to a new topic or subtopic • Let + us  involving the audience Time connectors • At the beginning, and then, after going through, and then after… • Chronological relationship between steps in the process  beginning of utterance Tense • Present tense • The elements in the process  subject Voice Active • Natural process (the rain falls) • Several key players in the procedure Passive • Action carried out by ‘an actor’: person, machine…, e.g. ‘the liquid is pumped’, ‘the vapor is condensed’. Imperative with ‘you’ • Impersonal ‘you’ • Giving instructions Tasks 5 & 13 Cleft sentences with ‘what’ • To emphasize an important step • New info at the end of the sentence Checking for understanding + asking for questions Tasks 9, 7 & 8