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2015
of the resulting two main variables distinguishes between the four different sources. Magnetic measurements were also carried out on hearth samples from two archaeological sites. Galson and Guinnerso, on Lewis. Comparison was made to the ash samples in order to determine if the fuel sources could be identified. Both the high temperature susceptibility curves and the discriminant analysis suggest that for the two selected sites the predominant fuel source was well-humified peat.
Journal of Archaeological Science, 36, 130-139
Using mineral magnetism to characterise ironworking and to detect its evidence in peat bogs (Mighall, Foster, Crew, Chapman & Finn 2009)2009 •
An experimental approach has been used to establish whether medieval ironworking activity could be identified in peat bogs using mineral magnetic measurements. The research project comprised three elements. First, magnetic susceptibility and remanence properties were obtained for materials from an experimental iron smelt, in a furnace of medieval design, and from material collected during the excavation of the medieval bloomery at Llwyn Du in Coed y Brenin, Snowdonia. Materials sampled and measured included charcoal, aerial dust, roasted bog ore and furnace dust. A second experiment determined whether small amounts of aerial dust released from the furnace could be detected in accumulating peat samples. This was achieved by sprinkling small quantities of dust on to a constructed ’peat core’ that had no detectable magnetic signature prior to the addition of the dust. The application rates used were within the range expected to fall on a peat bog located close to a medieval furnace. Thirdly, mineral magnetic measurements were made on a peat core collected close to the Llwyn Du bloomery. The results confirm that roasted bog ore, aerial dust released from and dust accumulating in the furnace after a smelt, are magnetically detectable. The aerial dust and roasted bog ore produced enhanced susceptibility and remanence signatures in the constructed ’peat core’ experiments. Peaks in IRM(0.88T) and HIRM were measured in the Llwyn Du peat monolith and appear to correlate with a time when the medieval bloomery was operational. The results presented here suggest that it is possible to identify evidence of past ironworking in peat bogs using mineral magnetic measurements and that the signatures remain well preserved in the peat record even after burial for several hundred years.
Journal of Archaeological Science
Identifying archaeological wood stack charcoal production sites using geophysical prospection: magnetic characteristics from a modern wood stack charcoal burn site2012 •
Journal of Archaeological Science
Factors Determining Magnetic Enhancement of Burnt Clay from Archaeological Sites2001 •
Geophysical Journal International
Rock-magnetic analyses as a tool to investigate archaeological fired sediments: a case study of Mirador cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain2009 •
Here we report a detailed mineral magnetic study of Neolithic burnt levels in the Mirador Cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) to reconstruct the burning history and to investigate their suitability for archaeomagnetic purposes. As a consequence of the ancient burning, a characteristic facies sequence was developed along the Holocene stratigraphy. From top to bottom it includes: (i) 2–10 cm ash layers, (ii) ∼2 cm underlying rubefied layers and (iii) clay, mainly unburnt and of variable thickness. In some cases a thermally altered facies (2–6 cm) with a heterogeneous texture was identified (facies TF), usually between rubefactions and the unburnt levels. 126 oriented samples from 4 units (MIR12, 15, 18 and 21) and a 2 m section, all comprised between units MIR21 (6380 ± 40 14C BP) and MIR9 (5090 ± 40 14C BP) were analysed with rock magnetic methods. In addition, bulk sediment from each facies that comprise the Neolithic sequence was investigated. Measurements included: stepwise alternating field and thermal demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization (NRM), viscosity experiments, determination of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS), the susceptibility frequency dependence at room temperature and determination of the temperature dependence of the susceptibility. Additional experiments consisted in the determination of the behaviour of anhysteretic and isothermal (IRM) remanences, magnetic hysteresis loops, first-order-reversal-curve diagrams, and thermal demagnetization of three-axial IRM. It appeared that the facies all show a fairly similar magnetic mineralogy and grain size dominated by low-titanium magnetite that is often partially maghaemitized. Main differences constitute the amount of superparamagnetic particles that is higher in unburnt strata concurring with a less well-defined NRM behaviour. The magnetic mineral concentration is notably higher in ashes. This homogeneity strongly suggests that similar sources and burial conditions prevailed during Neolithic times. Agreeing with archaeological observations and favoured by rapid burial conditions, very limited alterations have been deduced. AMS data revealed the absence of fluid flow in the ash lenses sampled. Demagnetization revealed a stable single NRM component in ashes, a single or two-component NRM in rubefactions and less stable multicomponent behaviour in clays. In ashes, magnetic minerals are likely secondary in origin formed by low-temperature oxidization soon after burning. Although this thermochemical nature of the NRM invalidates the use of these sediments for palaeointensity studies, archaeomagnetic (directional) data can be successfully obtained because the burning and oxidation are closely confined in time.
Geophysical Journal International
On the suitability of baked clay for archaeomagnetic studies as deduced from detailed rock-magnetic studies2003 •
Extensive rock-magnetic investigations have been carried out on baked clays from four kilns (two from Bulgaria and two from Switzerland) found in archaeological sites of different age. Knowledge of the magnetic characteristics of the grains responsible for the archaeomagnetic signal enables us to determine which baked clays have the stablest magnetization and why this is so. This is important in directional studies, but even more so in painstaking palaeointensity studies that require a very careful evaluation of the suitability of the burnt clay material. The proposed rock-magnetic experiments enable the identification of the carriers responsible for the remanence and an adequate interpretation of the experimental results connected with the palaeointensity evaluation. The experimental methods employed are illustrated with the particular results obtained from each of the four kilns studied. The preliminary elucidation of the magnetic mineralogy of the archaeological samples helps first by obtaining a more reliable palaeointensity result, and secondly by explaining some of the discrepancies in the palaeodirectional results. Examples of successful and failed palaeointensity experiments are given in relation to the magnetic properties previously established for each oven. The burnt-clay materials in this present study satisfy the essential condition of carrying a thermoremanence. In spite of that, it is shown that there are many factors that can produce undesirable magnetic properties and thus restrict the suitability of these materials for archaeomagnetic analysis. The most important factors influencing the magnetic behaviour during magneto-diagnostic experiments are: the degree of heating in antiquity, the initial composition of the unbaked material and the burial conditions. The large difference in heating temperatures within a particular archaeological feature is a major cause of variation in magnetic behaviour amongst individual specimens, and so preventing a successful pre-selection of specimens for palaeointensity experiments. Nevertheless, the study has shown a very good coincidence between the determined rock-magnetic characteristics and the success rate in palaeointensity evaluation.
In: J. A. Lopez Padilla, R. Risch, J. Dani (eds), Dinastías. Los primeros reinos de la Europa prehistórica
Sepulturas femininas ricas de Nižná Myšľa2024 •
The Journal of Asian Studies
Tall Tales and True: India, Historiography and British Imperial Imaginings. Edited by Kate Brittlebank. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Press, 2008. x, 142 pp. $29.95 (paper)2010 •
Times of Israel (https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-old-hebrew-ishmael-papyrus-tapping-the-brakes/)
The Old Hebrew "Ishmael" Papyrus: The Need to Tap the Brakes Some2022 •
On September 7, 2022, various press outlets ran stories about a First Temple Period Hebrew papyrus, with an Old Hebrew inscription, putatively dating to the late 7th/early 6th century BCE. Four lines of text are partially preserved, with the first extant word of the first extant line reading "To Ishmael." This article (by Prof. Christopher Rollston) was published in the Times of Israel, and includes a call for caution (i.e., tapping the brakes) with regard to some of the conclusions about this papyrus...especially since it was not found on an archaeological excavation, but rather was purchased (or received as a gift) in Israel and then ended up in Montana (thus, a very striking "chain of custody").
Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı
The Creation of a Natural History Display at the Yıldız Palace by Fausto Zonaro and Hüseyin Zekâi Paşa2023 •
Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology
Feminist Standpoint Theory: Conceptualization and Utility2020 •
Frontiers in plant science
Virulent Fusarium isolates with diverse morphologies show similar invasion and colonization strategies in alfalfa2024 •
Refracción. Revista sobre lingüística materialista
"Resistir a la victimización progresista". Análisis de los discursos de YouTube de la Fundación Nueva Mente en el proceso constituyente chileno.2021 •
Genetic Epidemiology
Unveiling Case‐Control Relationships in Designing a Simple and Powerful Method for Detecting Gene‐Gene Interactions2012 •
Neuro-oncology
NCOG-14. Psychosocial Outcomes in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Plexiform Neurofibromas2020 •
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Gall midges (Insecta, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Clusiaceae in Brazil: richness and distribution2021 •