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“Jacob, Prayer of”

2015, The Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception

1 Jacob, Prayer of Jacob, Prayer of The Prayer of Jacob is a composition included in the Greek magical papyri that identifies itself as a “prayer” and opens with a pseudepigraphic attribution to Jacob. Invocations of God in both particularistic and universalistic terms alternate with petitions for protection, wisdom, and angelic exaltation. A reference to the petitioner as “from the nation of Israel” implies that its author was Jewish, though the appearance of formulations and ideas common in pagan magical texts, combined with the widespread belief in the power of the Israelite God, makes a non-Jewish provenance equally plausible. The text was composed as early as the 1st century CE, with the 4th century its terminus ad quem. The prayer’s language and themes reflect an eclectic mix of influences, including the HB, Hellenistic Jewish literature, ancient Jewish prayers, and Greek magical papyri. Though the composition generally does not incorporate biblical language, several passages betray the impact of biblical and postbiblical traditions. The prayer refers to God as “the one enthroned upon holy Mount Sinai.” The attribution to Jacob of a prayer that seeks angelic exaltation may reflect a postbiblical tradition hinted at in Philo that Jacob was transformed into an angel (Conf. 146). Other allusions in the prayer to the HB, such as the reference to God as “the one [who] favored Abraam by [giving the] kingdom to him” (1.5) are unparalleled elsewhere. Bibliography: ■ Charlesworth, J. H., “Prayer of Jacob,” OTP 1 (ed. J. H. Charlesworth; New York 1985) 715–25. ■ Merkelbach, R., “Gebet Jakobs,” in id., Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri Religiösen und Magischen Inhalts, vol. 4: Exorzismen und Jüdisch/Christlich Beeinflusste Texte (PapyCol 17/4; Opladen 1996) 105–10. ■ Preisendanz, K./A. Henrichs, Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die griechischen Zauber-Papyri, vol. 2 (Stuttgart 2 1973–74) 148–49. ■ Smith, M., “The Jewish Elements in the Magical Papyri,” in id., Studies in the Cult of Yahweh, vol. 1 (RGRW 130; Leiden 1996) 242–56. [Esp. 250] ■ Van der Horst, P. W./J. H. Newman, “Prayer of Jacob,” in id., Early Jewish Prayers in Greek (Berlin 2008) 217–46. Ari Mermelstein Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception 11 (© Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Munich/Boston 2015) 2