Puducherry (previously Pondicherry) had reported regular dengue outbreaks since 2003 with increase in number of cases every year. The study was aimed to assess changes in the intensity of vector breeding and its reflection upon case occurrence in relation to climatic variables. Dengue vector surveys were carried out in six Primary Health Centres (PHCs) representing both rural and urban areas round the year, and entomological indices were determined using standard methods. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were the vectors encountered in the survey, and Ae. aegypti present in high numbers in urban as well as rural areas. For both species, the size of immature populations found to increase with increasing rainfall, though heavy rains resulted in population loss. A significant relationship was found between larval indices and rainfall. Diurnal temperature range was found a critical factor negatively associated with vector abundance (larval indices) and occurrence of dengue cases.

Puducherry (previously Pondicherry) had reported regular dengue outbreaks since 2003 with increase in number of cases every year. The study was aimed to assess changes in the intensity of vector breeding and its reflection upon case occurrence in relation to climatic variables. Dengue vector surveys were carried out in six Primary Health Centres (PHCs) representing both rural and urban areas round the year, and entomological indices were determined using standard methods. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were the vectors encountered in the survey, and Ae. aegypti present in high numbers in urban as well as rural areas. For both species, the size of immature populations found to increase with increasing rainfall, though heavy rains resulted in population loss. A significant relationship was found between larval indices and rainfall. Diurnal temperature range was found a critical factor negatively associated with vector abundance (larval indices) and occurrence of dengue cases.

Mosquito borne disease, especially Dengue fever (DF), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) caused major public health problems in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Aedes aegypti is the principle epidemic vector of dengue virus. Dengue is transmitted by the mosquitoes namely, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae.polynesiensis of Ae.seutellaries, Ae (Finlaya) niveus. The present study investigates the diversity, seasonal prevalence, distribution and larval habitat of Aedes mosquito species in epidemic prone area of Chidambaram town, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, India.

Increase global warming and climate changes affect disease transmission by shifting the vector's geographic range and by shortening the pathogen incubation period in the children, the elderly and communities living in poverty. Severe climate sensitive vector-borne diseases are accompanied by increases in the incidence of the disease. The present investigation aimed to investigate regional analysis of malaria in some coastal districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Totally 120 samples were collected from both male and female (age range of 20 to 50 years) of during the period of monsoon (from September 2006 to November 2009) in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Cudallore districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Malaria was diagnosed by a thick film and thin film blood smears method. Later on blood smears were stained with 10% Giemsa stain and examined microscopically to identify the Plasmodium species. Malaria has reemerged as a major public health problem in India during the past few years. It out breaks was observed in certain regions of Tamil Nadu. Totally 120 samples were collected from both male and female (age range of 20 to 50 years) of during the period of monsoon (from September 2006 to November 2009) in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam and Cudallore districts of Tamil Nadu, India. 72 malarial infected individuals were identified. Out of 120 samples collected, 72 cases were malarial cases. Malaria is caused by protozoan parasite of the Plasmodium genus (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae) that develops to maturity inside certain species of mosquitoe, Anopheles stephensi. The samples contain only two species of parasites namely P. falciparum and P. vivax in different stages in the smears of malarial positive cases. Among 72 malarial cases, 42 male and 30 female identified. The maximum number malarial cases were observed in Cudallore than Thanjavur and Nagapattinam districts. Preventive measures like reduction of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and burning of plastics and reforestation directly reduce the global warming which indirectly decreases many mosquito borne infectious diseases, especially malaria.

Dengue, the arboviral threat to public health affecting millions of people globally, is transmitted by the bite of female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The factors contributing to Ae. spp. abundance is variable, region-specific, and needs to be identified region-wise for effective vector control programs. In this study, based on dengue fever case statistics from the previous years, we selected two representatives of natural (forest and riverine) and two urbanized (Oil industrial and tea-estates) areas of upper Brahmaputra valley and dengue prone Kamrup district in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam for mosquito surveillance through container search. The count of both species was the highest in the urbanized regions having higher container habitats. All the entomological indices, House index, Container index, and Breteau index were higher than the WHO criteria of dengue sensitive areas from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon seasons. The temperature was the most prominent driver having a significant correlation with entomological indices with R 2 values ranging from 0.825 to 0.965 in urbanized areas and 0.723 to 0.801in natural areas, followed by rainfall and humidity. Response survey of inhabitants of the study sites revealed the status of awareness and practice regarding the vector habitats. The results indicated that the combined action of urbanization, social factors, and changes in meteorological factors have primarily contributed to the large population size of dengue vectors throughout the year. Adaptive expansion of the Aedes vectors warrants the adoption of necessary precautionary measures to prevent colonization by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in urbanized areas to prevent Aedes-borne diseases, dengue, chikungunya, and zika.