Психофизика

Глава 24 (стр. 487–509) из коллективной монографии «Современная психофизика» / Под ред. В. А. Барабанщикова. М.: Изд-во «Институт психологии РАН», 2009. 543 с.
Целью исследования является экспериментальная проверка авторской модели дифференциально-личностного контроля оптимальности решения психофизических задач человеком-наблюдателем как активным целостным субъектом. Обосновывается и экспериментально подтверждается, что предпочтение конкретного критерия оптимальности решения определяется не только уровнем обученности субъекта, но и особенностями его личности.

This paper is a continuation of a work devoted to the problem of correlation among observer's personality, task representation and individual selection of decision optimality criterion. The experimental procedure is a model of the task of a pilot using a traffic situation display to avoid collisions. The author's hypothesis of the role of action control and ambiguity tolerance as the two main factors of optimal criterion control in signal detection was confirmed again by the new experimental data from the experiment in visual discrimination at accidentally different signal strengths.

The present article discusses a role of psychophysical experiment as a powerful facility of psychodiagnostics and an instrument of professional selection. The experimental study shows that individual characteristics of signal detection during the changing a priori probability of the signal can be a base for the efficient forecast of success of real activity of the man-operator. Statistical significant correlation were received between parameters of the decision of the signal detection task and values of flight training success of cadets of the helicopter pilots college. Those observers, who demonstrated the most efficient and optimum models of criterion control in signal detection, have shown itself the most successful during the pilots profession training. Success of the mastering by the profession of a pilot valued by means of special scale of " flying ability " and temp of the production of skills of piloting and spatial orientation, and on the base of the character of cadets by their instructors. For interpreting the results are attracted scores of personal examination of observers. Most attention was put to such personal factors, as the tolerance to ambiguity and the action vs. state orientation.

The paper sums up a long-term experimental investigation of the role of personality characteristics in the observer's choice of a certain criterion of decision optimality in psychophysical tasks. The report was published at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for Psychophysics in Moscow on 16 August 2016, in Moscow university.