Amerindian origins

The goal of this paper is to apply the phylogenetic method to a set of mythological traditions, allowing the reconstruction of the social beliefs and practices related to sexuality known just before the Out of Africa process. Berezkin’s database (section F, devoted to sexuality) has been used. The first dataset included a set of traditions sharing each motif (at least two) with at least one other tradition (i.e. 122 ethnic groups for 122 motifs). The second dataset retained the 29 ethnic groups (for 105 motifs) including at least 12 motifs. The distance of each tradition from Africa was obtained using data from Fort and Pérez-Losada (2016). The calculation of the Pearson and Spearman correlations shows a strong influence of distance from Africa on the variability of the mythological traditions, explaining from 31 to 47% of the observed variance. The mid-point rooting of the tree built with MrBayes 3.2.7 puts Bulgarians, Romanians, Russians, Germans, Frenchs and Finns (i.e. the closest geographical traditions in Africa) as an exogroup. Three motifs reconstructed using a parcimony tree build with Mesquite were probably known before the Out of Africa process: F7 «The man takes or tries to take as his wife a being linked to the underwater world (fish, crab, snake, aquatic animal, etc.)»; F9 «For various reasons, sexual contact with a woman is fatal to a man» and F45 «There are (or have been) women living apart from men in their own village(s).» The analysis of the motif F7 with the contribution of other elements, such as the southern diffusion of patrilocality around the world, supports the existence of patrilocality before the Out-of-Africa episode.

Bibliography and references collected by Alvah hicks concerning Native American First People origins. This collection is principally directed to inquiring for an 'out the Americas Wellspring' for all Homo sapiens sapiens populations of the "Old World".

Understanding the peopling of the Americas remains an important and challenging question. Here, we present 14C dates, and morphological, isotopic and genomic sequence data from two human skulls from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, part of one of the indigenous groups known as ‘Botocudos’. We find that their genomic ancestry is Polynesian, with no detectable Native American component. Radiocarbon analysis of the skulls shows that the individuals had died prior to the beginning of the 19th century. Our findings could either represent genomic evidence of Polynesians reaching South America during their Pacific expansion, or European-mediated transport.

Understanding the peopling of the Americas remains an important and challenging question. Here, we present 14C dates, and morphological, isotopic and genomic sequence data from two human skulls from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, part of one of the indigenous groups known as ‘Botocudos’. We find that their genomic ancestry is Polynesian, with no detectable Native American component. Radiocarbon analysis of the skulls shows that the individuals had died prior to the beginning of the 19th century. Our findings could either represent genomic evidence of Polynesians reaching South America during their Pacific expansion, or European-mediated transport.

This submission for Discussion of An American Wellspring includes the pending book’s, Introduction, the Chapter Outline, and the first three Chapters. These chapters highlight aspects of the first 450 years of theosophical and scientific reconning surrounding the discovery of an isolated World inhabited by humans that were virtually unknown to Europeans. European perspectives have long set-the-tone for the Native Americans place in humanities past. Since the dawn of the science of anthropology we have forsaken the view of the concurred and how they see their own beginnings? This effort attempts to include their World in the greater picture encompassing the evolutionary dynamics of a “recent Peopling of the Old World.” Any comments are welcomed!

Understanding the peopling of the Americas remains an important and challenging question. Here, we present 14C dates, and morphological, isotopic and genomic sequence data from two human skulls from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, part of one of the indigenous groups known as ‘Botocudos’. We find that their genomic ancestry is Polynesian, with no detectable Native American component. Radiocarbon analysis of the skulls shows that the individuals had died prior to the beginning of the 19th century. Our findings could either represent genomic evidence of Polynesians reaching South America during their Pacific expansion, or European-mediated transport.