Arheologie Medievală

Medieval mace heads have often been ignored by scholars and many artefacts of this type lay unpublished and sometimes unknown in various museums even today. In some countries, such as present-day Hungary, Poland or the former USSR, archaeological research into these weapons has been undertaken to understand their use and their origin. Currently there are two typo-chronologies in use, but both limited to certain geographical areas. A survey of research conducted into maces held in Transylvanian museums revealed that scholarship on this topic is scarce and mace heads are often left in collections with incorrect or no dating.
In the present thesis I created a new typo-chronology for Transylvania, based on existing scholarship and analogies, comparing the results with research from other regions. I conclude that Transylvania was among the few regions with a high number of mace heads which, at least after the twelfth century, includes types that are rare elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe. Aside from the importance of the typo-chronology in dating new artefacts, the thesis’s main contribution to scholarship is the compilation of the first catalogue of almost all presently known mace heads now held in Transylvanian museums.

In monographies new materials of archeological excavations for the first time are published and entered into a wide scientific turn on a complex of archaeological settlements Toropovo-4 which represents object of a historical and cultural heritage of the ancient and medieval population which lived in a valley of the river of Kasmy in territory of the Kuznetsk hollow. Materials from elevating gathering and field archeological excavations 1996 and on this unique monument are described 1999-2002 in chapter 1 and presented in the appendix. The information on results of excavation by a total area of 1254 sq. m, collections of artifacts of material culture (1843 copies), about the revealed objects of ability to live of people (12 centers, 4 housing foundation ditches and 29 soil holes) is resulted. New materials have been subjected analytical research. At a primary stage of the analysis classification of the found artifacts and the objects of ability to live opened on a monument has been spent. Therefore their big typological variety has been revealed. The comparative analysis of all set of this data has allowed to investigate a question on their chronology and a cultural accessory and to allocate steady cultural-chronological complexes of archaeological materials on a studied monument. In total it has been revealed six culturalchronological complexes: epoch of a eneolith, the early and developed bronze; epoch of late bronze; transitive time from bronze to iron and the early Iron Age; the early Middle Ages (V - first half VIII centuries AD); the early Middle Ages (second half VIII-X centuries AD); the developed Middle Ages (or first half II thousand AD). Dating of an occupation layer occurring at different times on Toropovo-4 and an arrangement of cultural-chronological complexes have allowed to interpret a monument as a complex of settlements occurring at different times. Research of quantitative characteristics of cultural-chronological complexes has allowed to draw a conclusion that the monument has the specific cyclic dynamics of functioning. Peaks of cultural cycles have been fixed for an epoch of late bronze and the developed Middle Ages.
The question on a place which occupies a complex of settlements Toropovo-4 in micro and macro cultural space, within Kasminsky archaeological microdistrict, the Kuznetsk hollow, the Western and Average Siberia, during the various historical periods of functioning has undergone to special studying. Communications of the cultural-chronological groups allocated for Toropovo-4 with such cultural formations, as have been investigated: andronovskay (fedorovskay) culture or andronovskay a cultural-historical generality of the developed bronze; korhagskinskay and irmenskay archaeological culture or irmenskay a cultural-historical generality of late bronze; monuments of transitive time from bronze to the early Iron Age; the fominskay archaeological culture; the saratovsray archaeological culture verhneobskoj a cultural-historical generality of the early Middle Ages; the handinskay archaeological culture basandajskoj a cultural-historical generality of the developed Middle Ages. On the basis of historiographic studying of a wide range of archaeological materials of different historical epoch and the periods of Kasminsky archaeological microdistrict, the Kuznetsk hollow, the Western and Average Siberia, having on Toropovo-4, the place was possible to designate analogies it is a monument on cultural-chronological schemes of different level As a whole, estimating special value of new materials entered into a wide scientific turn, it is necessary to notice that they allow to observe cultural changes passing in a wide chronological interval on the same place. Thus quantitative characteristics of archaeological materials allow to study questions of cultural dynamics, its sources and factors.

В монографии публикуются и исследуются материалы раскопок Кузнецкой комплексной археолого-этнографической экспедиции на уникальном объекте историко-культурного наследия Кузбасса - комплексе разновременных археологических поселений Торопово-4, который расположен на территории Кузнецкой котловины в долине среднего течения р. Касьмы в ЛенинскеКузнецком районе Кемеровской области. Полевые исследования этого памятника осуществлялись в конце XX - начале XXI вв. Исследование позволило установить, что комплекс археологических поселений Торопово-4 формировался на разных берегах р. Касьмы, на протяжении нескольких тысячелетий, начиная с эпохи энеолита до позднего средневековья. В книге опубликованы материалы раскопок, являющиеся ценным источником по древней и средневековой истории Кузнецкой котловины, Верхнего Приобья, Западной и Средней Сибири.

Стаття присвячена одному з різновидів холодної зброї ударно-роздроблювальної дії – булаві, а саме зіркоподібним навершям, які паралельно демонструють високий художній рівень давньоруських майстрів. Розглянуто відомі на цей час типологічні схеми, здійснена спроба систематизації декору зіркоподібних навершь, картографовано та створено каталог аналогічних знахідок.

Во время археологических раскопок поселения скифского времени у хутора Титчиха было обнаружено семилучевое украшение с псевдозерненым орнаментом.  Результаты рентгеноспектрального исследования показали, что оно выполнено из сплава серебра и меди, и, вероятно, была покрыта сверху тонким слоем серебра. Авторы связывают обнаруженную находку с расположенным неподалеку городищем Титчиха, и на основании типологического сходства с другими изделиями этого круга славянских древностей, датируют данное украшение концом IX ‒ X вв.