Associative Algebra

A new non-associative algebra for the quantization of strongly interacting fields is proposed. The full set of quantum $(\pm)$associators for the product of three operators is offered. An algorithm for the calculation of some $(\pm)$associators for the product of some four operators is offered. The possible generalization of Hamilton's equations for a non-associative quantum theory is proposed. Some arguments are given that a non-associative quantum theory can be a fundamental unifying theory.

This paper is the widely extended version of the publication, appeared in Proceedings of ISSAC'2009 conference \citep*{ALM09}. We discuss more details on proofs, present new algorithms and examples. We present a general algorithm for computing an intersection of a left ideal of an associative algebra over a field with a subalgebra, generated by a single element. We show applications of

For any category of interest ℂ we define a general category of groups with operations $\mathbb{C_G}, \mathbb{C}\hookrightarrow\mathbb{C_G}$ , and a universal strict general actor USGA(A) of an object A in ℂ, which is an object of $\mathbb{C_G}$ . The notion of actor is equivalent to the one of split extension classifier defined for an object in more general settings of semi-abelian categories. It is proved that there exists an actor of A in ℂ if and only if the semidirect product ${\text{USGA}}(A)\ltimes A$ is an object of ℂ and if it is the case, then USGA(A) is an actor of A. We give a construction of a universal strict general actor for any A ∈ ℂ, which helps to detect more properties of this object. The cases of groups, Lie, Leibniz, associative, commutative associative, alternative algebras, crossed and precrossed modules are considered. The examples of algebras are given, for which always exist actors.

An attempt is made to interpret the interactions of bosonic open strings as defining a non-cummulative, associative algebra, and to formulate the classical non-linear field theory of such strings in the language of non-commulative geometry. The point of departure is the BRST approach to string field theory. A setting is given in which there is a unique gauge invariant action, whose linearized approximation reproduces the conventional Veneziano spectrum. A derivation of conventional Veneziano model amplitudes from this gauge invariant action is sketched. Some brief comments are made about attempts to extend these results to open superstrings and to closed strings.

In this survey, we first present basic facts on A-infinity algebras and modules including their use in describing triangulated categories. Then we describe the Quillen model approach to A-infinity structures following K. Lefevre's thesis. Finally, starting from an idea of V. Lyubashenko's, we give a conceptual construction of A-infinity functor categories using a suitable closed monoidal category of cocategories. In particular, this yields a natural construction of the bialgebra structure on the bar construction of the Hochschild complex of an associative algebra.

In present paper we develop the deformation theory of operads and algebras over operads. Free resolutions (constructed via Boardman-Vogt approach) are used in order to describe formal moduli spaces of deformations. We apply the general theory to the proof of Deligne's conjecture. The latter says that the Hochschild complex of an associative algebra carries a canonical structure of a dg-algebra

We call a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ strongly rigid if its universal enveloping algebra $\Ug$ is rigid as an associative algebra, i.e. every formal associative deformation is equivalent to the trivial deformation. In quantum group theory this phenomenon is well-known to be the case for all complex semisimple Lie algebras. We show that a strongly rigid Lie algebra has to be rigid as Lie algebra, and that in addition its second scalar cohomology group has to vanish (which excludes nilpotent Lie algebras of dimension greater or equal than two). Moreover, using Kontsevitch's theory of deformation quantization we show that every polynomial deformation of the linear Poisson structure on $\mathfrak{g}^*$ which induces a nonzero cohomology class of $\mathfrak{g}$ leads to a nontrivial deformation of $\mathcal{U}\mathfrak g$. Hence every Poisson structure on a vector space which is zero at some point and whose linear part is a strongly rigid Lie algebra is therefore formally linearizable in the sense of A. Weinstein. Finally we provide examples of rigid Lie algebras which are not strongly rigid, and give a classification of all strongly rigid Lie algebras up to dimension 6.

Nagata gave a fundamental sucient condition on group actions on nitely generated commutative algebras for nite generation of the subalge- bra of invariants. In this paper we consider groups acting on noncommutative algebras over a eld of characteristic zero. We characterize all the T-ideals of the free associative algebra such that the algebra of invariants in the corre- sponding relatively

This paper is the widely extended version of the publication, appeared in Proceedings of IS-SAC'2009 conference (Andres, Levandovskyy, and Martın-Morales, 2009). We discuss more de-tails on proofs, present new algorithms and examples. We present a general ...

In this paper we present a complete classification (isomorphism classes with some isomorphism invariants) of complex associative algebras up to dimension five (including both cases: unitary and non-unitary). In some symbolic computations we used Maple software.

Using these nonstandard objects as a guide, we follow the approach of Adsul, Sohoni, and Subrahmanyam to construct, in the case dim(V) = dim(W) =2, a representation \check{X}_\nu of the nonstandard quantum group that specializes to Res_{GL(V) \times GL(W)} X_\nu at q=1. We then define a global crystal basis +HNSTC(\nu) of \check{X}_\nu that solves the two-row Kronecker problem: the number of highest weight elements of +HNSTC(\nu) of weight (\lambda,\mu) is the Kronecker coefficient g_{\lambda \mu \nu}. We go on to develop the beginnings of a graphical calculus for this basis, along the lines of the U_q(\sl_2) graphical calculus, and use this to organize the crystal components of +HNSTC(\nu) into eight families. This yields a fairly simple, explicit and positive formula for two-row Kronecker coefficients, generalizing a formula of Brown, van Willigenburg, and Zabrocki. As a byproduct of the approach, we also obtain a rule for the decomposition of Res_{GL_2 \times GL_2 \rtimes §_2} X_\nu into irreducibles.

We discuss the category $\cal I$ of level zero integrable representations of loop algebras and their generalizations. The category is not semisimple and so one is interested in its homological properties. We begin by looking at some approaches which are used in the study of other well--known non--semisimple categories in the representation theory of Lie algebras. This is done with a view to seeing if and how far these approaches can be made to work for $\cal I$. In the later sections we focus first on understanding the irreducible level zero modules and later on certain universal modules, the local and global Weyl modules which in many ways play a role similar to the Verma modules in the BGG--category $\cal O$. In the last section, we discuss the connections with the representation theory of finite--dimensional associative algebras and on some recent work with J. Greenstein.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Hom-alternative algebras and Hom-Jordan algebras. We discuss some of their properties and provide construction procedures using ordinary alternative algebras or Jordan algebras. Also, we show that a polarization of Hom-associative algebra leads to Hom-Jordan algebra.

Given an associative algebra $A$, and the category, $\cC$, of its finite dimensional modules, additional structures on the algebra $A$ induce corresponding ones on the category $\cC$. Thus, the structure of a rigid quasi-tensor (braided monoidal) category on $Rep_A$ is induced by an algebra homomorphism $A\to A\otimes A$ (comultiplication), coassociative up to conjugation by $\Phi\in A^{\otimes 3}$ (associativity constraint) and

We consider associative algebras L over a field provided with a direct sum decomposition of a two-sided ideal M and a sub-algebra A - examples are provided by trivial extensions or triangular type matrix algebras. In this relative and split setting we describe a long exact sequence computing the Hochschild cohomology of L. We study the connecting homomorphism using the cup-product and we infer several results, in particular the first Hochschild cohomology group of a trivial extension never vanishes.

A well-known conjecture says that every one-relator group is coherent. We state and partly prove an analogous statement for graded associative algebras. In particular, we show that every Gorenstein algebra $A$ of global dimension 2 is graded coherent. This allows us to define a noncommutative analogue of the projective line $\PP^1$ as a noncommutative scheme based on the coherent noncommutative

The idea of categorification is to replace "simpler" objects with "more complicated" ones. The aim is to get some new information in terms of some extra structure of the complicated objects. In particular, it can be used in representation theory of associative algebras to have a bigger picture of what is happening. The categorification of algebras over a field k bring to the representation theory of 2-categories (called 2-representation theory).

Given a Hopf algebra A, there exist various cohomology theories for the category of Hopf bimodules over A, introduced by M. Gerstenhaber and S.D. Schack, and by C. Ospel. We prove, when A is finite dimensional, that they are equal to the Ext functor on the module category of an associative algebra associated to A, described by C. Cibils and M. Rosso. We also give an expression for a cup-product in the cohomology defined by C. Ospel, and prove that it corresponds to the Yoneda product of extensions.

The theory of associative algebras of quotients has a rich history and is still an active research area. In the recent paper (24), the author iniciated the study of algebras of quotients in the Lie setting and built a maximal algebra of quotients for every semiprime Lie algebra. The inspiration comes from the associative ((25)) and Jordan ( (18)) contexts.

A cyclic cohomology theory adapted to Hopf algebras has been introduced recently by Connes and Moscovici. In this paper, we consider this object in the homological framework, in the spirit of Loday-Quillen and Karoubi's work on the cyclic homology of associative algebras. In the case of group algebras, we interpret the decomposition of the classical cyclic homology of a group algebra in terms of this homology. We also compute both cyclic homologies for truncated quiver algebras.

As is well-known, the real quaternion division algebra ℍ is algebraically isomorphic to a 4-by-4 real matrix algebra. But the real division octonion algebra can not be algebraically isomorphic to any matrix algebras over the real number field ℝ, because is a non-associative algebra over ℝ. However since is an extension of ℍ by the Cayley-Dickson process and is also finite-dimensional, some pseudo real matrix representations of octonions can still be introduced through real matrix representations of quaternions. In this paper we give a complete investigation to real matrix representations of octonions, and consider their various applications to octonions as well as matrices of octonions.