Aviation Emission Reduction

Abstract: Aimed Contribution—Fuel economy via car window film implementation will also reduce vehicle-sourced emissions,
health and welfare impacts associated with those emissions; thus, contribute to the economy. Focused Problem—During summer, solar
irradiation heats up the car and Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) usage becomes essential. Moreover, MAC usage raises the fuel
consumption and vehicle emissions. Eventually, imported energy sources for MAC and vehicle emissions lead global economic and
health impacts. Proposed Solution—For a parked car under blazing sun in summer, car window film application limits the entrapped
radiation in car cabin and reduces peak cabin temperature. Hence, MAC energy consumption will be reduced. Under consideration of
film implementation costs, it is seen that MAC energy savings for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars still contribute to the economy.
Research Perspective—The physical and economic effects of several car window film and tinting applications are researched. Clear
and tinted rear and side windows covered with three unique film types separately and analyzed for a parked passenger car with clear and
20 % shaded windshield. The overall impact in WA, NY, NC, USA and Istanbul, Turkey is also examined. Results—Regarding USA
and Istanbul, the widespread deployment of the best possibility has potential to decrease the sum of diesel and gasoline fuel
consumption by 1.7 and 0.06 billion liters, reduce the passenger car sourced total vehicle emissions by 10.5 and 0.4 billion kg and
contribute to the economy by 5-year net savings of 21.3 and 1.4 billion $, respectively.

Aimed Contribution: Via simple and applicable car window filming alternative, it is aimed to reduce vehicle-sourced emissions and fuel consumption; thus, contribute to the economy eventually.  Focused Problem: The exposure of solar radiation especially in summer, rise the car cabin soak temperature so high that the usage of mobile air conditioning (MAC) turns into a must. To cool the cabin down to comfort temperature, MAC uses excess amount of fuel that increases the vehicle emissions. Both of these also bring another economic problem as well. These problems are not just region based but also global based issues as being responsible for the formation of Green House Gases (GHGs), and for the consumption of limited and usually imported energy sources.  Proposed Solution: The application of car window films blocks the considerable amount of radiation. Thus, reduce the parked cabin temperature. Once the rise in soak temperature is reduced, MAC will then consume less energy. This energy saving -valid for electric cars, as well- for diesel, gasoline and hybrid cars also means fuel saving and further means prevented emissions, in other words, economic contribution even after the filming costs are subtracted.  Research Perspective: Passenger car cabin condition is investigated for 1 hour of parking at noon in summer at direct sun exposed. This research also aimed to examine three different types of filming together with tinted and clear (not filmed) car window glasses for clear and 20% shaded windshield, separately. To form the big picture, after calculating every individual possibility only during summer, each application’s total effect on greater territory of Geographic Europe (GE) containing every European country and only European Union (EU) is also researched. This research may bring the reconsideration of visible light transmission laws and tinting limitations regarding the results and invisible film applications.  Solution Benefits: Once the pollutant is emitted, none of the treatment procedure vanishes the pollutant but separates from the medium. Hence, reduction at the source occupies the highest hierarchy in pollution management. More tragically, the vehicle-sourced emissions cannot be treated even with exhaust filters, which increase the fuel consumption and faith to be emitted to the atmosphere. Each solution that helps to reduce the vehicle emissions while saving fuel and increasing economy plays one of the major and significant roles. Window-filming application is preferable for being easily applicable, cheaper when compared to treatment, and a quick solution. Other potential benefits are for both reducing the cabin soak temperature and blocking the sun rays, reducing the child deaths caused by being left unattended in heated car cabins, vehicle air pollution related health problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, skin cancer due to solar radiation while driving, driver fatigue, shrinking MAC size due to decreased peak load and for the cabin interior materials, increasing their life-span, preventing their aging and decreasing their damage.  Results: Among film types, classic-dark Film C gives the best performance especially when applied on tinted rear and side windows with 20% shaded windshield. Regarding GE and EU, the best possibility has potential to increase sum of diesel and gasoline fuel economy by 3.6 and 2.8 billion liters reduce the passenger car sourced total GHG emissions by 34 and 27 billion kg and contribute the economy with 5-year net savings of 270 and 226 billion $, respectively.  Conclusion: Three different types of film effects separately analyzed on clear and tinted windows with clear and 20% shaded windshield around GE, 50 countries, and EU, 28 member countries. It has seen that film application prevents massive amount of vehicle emissions due to saved MAC fuel consumption and eventually increase the economy both by fuel savings, emission sourced costs savings and prolonging lifetime of the cabin interiors.