The application of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels has been limited by the availability of suitable filler metals. Specifically, as the weld metal strength increases, the susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted cracking increases. To... more
The application of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels has been limited by the availability of suitable filler metals. Specifically, as the weld metal strength increases, the susceptibility to hydrogen-assisted cracking increases. To take full advantage of the developments in ...
In arc welding the heat flow from the tip of electrode to the base metal. The heat transfer rate is generally based on the work material, weld material, welding process, inert gases etc. The heat transfer rate and rate of cooling in... more
In arc welding the heat flow from the tip of electrode to the base metal. The heat transfer rate is generally based on the work material, weld material, welding process, inert gases etc. The heat transfer rate and rate of cooling in welding can directly controls microstructure and mechanical properties of welded region and base metal. The proposed study going to carry out on multipass submerged arc welding for varying heat input. The one dimensional, two dimensional and three dimensional heat flow equation will be used for the total heat transfer rate in submerged arc welding. The corresponding mechanical properties hardness c-v-n test results tensile strength of welded joint will be studied. This process is use full in joining thick section of components used in various industries. Besides joining SAW can also be used for surface applications. Heat affected zone produced in within the base metal as a result of tremendous heat of arc is of big concern as it affects the performance of welded surfaced structure in service due to metallurgical changes in the affected region. The various changes in the metal can be analyzed by heat transfer rate. The various sub zones in the microstructure were observed in HAZ of SAE weld of partially transformed. The main purpose of proposed work is to investigate and correlate the study of heat transfer rate on multipass submerged arc welding.
This research focused on the investigation of the metallurgical behavior of the Al0.8CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy and S235JR structural steel, welded with (Ni, Fe)-rich filler metal, by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method. The... more
This research focused on the investigation of the metallurgical behavior of the Al0.8CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy and S235JR structural steel, welded with (Ni, Fe)-rich filler metal, by the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) method. The electric arc and the welding pool were protected against the contamination with gases from the environment, by employing high-purity Ar 4.8 inert gas that plays an important role in reducing the oxidation effects and the development of cracks in the weld and the adjacent areas. The microstructure and microhardness analysis did not reveal the existence of fragile phases, cracks, inadequate penetration, or other imperfections, showing an appropriate adhesion between the deposited metal and the substrates. At the interface between the Ni-rich weld metal and the high-entropy alloy, a higher hardness (448 HV0.2) than in the base material (358 HV0.2) was measured. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), performed at the interface between the weld metal and the...
The history of zinc in general and its contribution to China's material culture during the late Ming and early Qing period in particular is obscure. Specific issues have remained understudied, especially the historical demand for and... more
The history of zinc in general and its contribution to China's material culture during the late Ming and early Qing period in particular is obscure. Specific issues have remained understudied, especially the historical demand for and production of this metal, as well as the locations of zinc mines. This article is the result of collaborative research that approaches these issues by employing and examining the historical development of zinc's commodity chain, in general, and by focusing on the early demand, in particular, for this metal. The authors discuss the emergence of demand for metallic zinc as a mint metal in the Ming, which spatially influenced the development and shift of zinc mining development from Guangdong province northwards and finally to Guizhou province in the Ming–Qing transition. Based upon primary Chinese texts, this article geographically situates the locations of zinc bearing ore (calamine) deposits that directly resulted in investing and developing zinc mines over this period.
