This two-part paper investigates parameters that may significantly affect water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing. Possible sources that may affect the waveform predicted by classical water-hammer theory include unsteady friction,... more
This two-part paper investigates parameters that may significantly affect water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing. Possible sources that may affect the waveform predicted by classical water-hammer theory include unsteady friction, cavitation (including column separation and trapped air pockets), a number of fluid–structure interaction effects, and viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material, leakages and blockages. Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the mathematical tools needed to model these sources. Part 2 of the paper presents a number of case studies showing how these modelled sources affect pressure traces in a simple reservoir-pipeline-valve system. Each case study compares the obtained results with the standard (classical) water-hammer model, from which conclusions are drawn concerning the transient behaviour of real systems.
This two-part paper investigates key parameters that may affect the pressurewaveform predicted by the classical theory ofwater-hammer. Shortcomings in the prediction of pressure wave attenuation, shape and timing originate from violation... more
This two-part paper investigates key parameters that may affect the pressurewaveform predicted by the classical theory ofwater-hammer. Shortcomings in the prediction of pressure wave attenuation, shape and timing originate from violation of assumptions made in the derivation of the classical waterhammer equations. Possible mechanisms that may significantly affect pressure waveforms include unsteady friction, cavitation (including column separation and trapped air
This two-part paper investigates key parameters that may affect the pressure wave form predicted by the classical theory of water-hammer. Shortcomings in the prediction of pressure wave attenuation, shape and timing originate from... more
This two-part paper investigates key parameters that may affect the pressure wave form predicted by the classical theory of water-hammer. Shortcomings in the prediction of pressure wave attenuation, shape and timing originate from violation of assumptions made in the derivation of the classical water hammer equations. Possible mechanisms that may significantly affect pressure waveforms include unsteady friction, cavitation (including column separation and trapped air pockets), a number of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effects, viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material, leakages and blockages. Engineers should be able to identify and evaluate the influence of these mechanisms, because first these are usually not included in standard water-hammer software packages and second these are often “hidden” in practical systems. Part 1 of the two-part paper describes mathematical tools for modelling the aforementioned mechanisms. The method of characteristics transformation of the classical water-hammer equations is used herein as the basic solution tool. In separate additions: a convolution-based unsteady friction model is explicitly incorporated; discrete vapour and gas cavity models allow cavities to form at computational sections; coupled extended water-hammer and steel-hammer equations describe FSI; viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material is governed by a generalised Kelvin–Voigt model; and blockages and leakages are modelled as end or internal boundary conditions.
In system-on-chip (SoC) integration, silicon intellectual properities (IPs) are blockages for long inter connection. With this stipulation,conventional plans are complled to place those repeaters that drive long inter connection and more... more
In system-on-chip (SoC) integration, silicon intellectual properities (IPs) are blockages for long inter connection. With this stipulation,conventional plans are complled to place those repeaters that drive long inter connection and more power canbe used in ip.It permits the cross-IP interconnection to be steered over the IP utilizing,the Repeaters Implanted within the IP and also On-chip bias generation will be implanted.Design was improve power consumption Outcomes show that suggested style doesn’t just create the bottom plan with soc simpler,however will also improve the power consumption of the long interconnection circuits.