CRH

This study was conducted to determine the potential of agricultural waste such as carbonized rice hull (CRH) liquid extract as a source of silica and other nutrients for cucumber production. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were 1) full recommended rate inorganic fertilizer (RRIF), 2) full RRIF plus RHA liquid extract and 3) half RRIF plus RHA liquid extract. Plots treated with liquid extract gave significant results compared with the RRIF alone, however, treatment 2 and 3 were comparable. This implies that application of half RRIF could meet the nutrient requirement of cucumber when applied with supplemental liquid extracts from carbonized rice hull. Further study on the effects of this liquid fertilizer for other crops is therefore recommended.

Centre de recherches historiques, EHESS
22-23 juin 2017
Salle M. & D. Lombard
96 bd Raspail, Paris 6e

Dans la lignée des grands rendez-vous scientifiques qu'il a initiés par le passé (sur les thèmes du Transnational, du Contexte), le CRH organise un grand forum de débat qui se tiendra les 22 et 23 juin. Animée par les membres, groupes et équipes du laboratoire, cette rencontre souhaite offrir une plateforme de réflexion sur les multiples manières de travailler la matière historique au sein du CRH, à la fois en distinction et en écho des enjeux historiographiques du temps présent. C'est pourquoi le thème retenu cette année, sous l'intitulé "L'un et le tout", veut questionner les relations déployées entre unicité et totalité, donnée et série, individualité et collectivité, au sein des multiples méthodes, terrains et conclusions que nos travaux mettent en œuvre. C'est là l'occasion, en confrontant les approches, d'exposer toutes les richesses interprétatives nourries par le laboratoire.

Stress influences memory, an adaptive process crucial for survival. During stress, hippocampal synapses are bathed in a mixture of stress-released molecules, yet it is unknown whether or how these interact to mediate the effects of stress on memory. Here, we demonstrate novel synergistic actions of corticosterone and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on synaptic physiology and dendritic spine structure that mediate the profound effects of acute concurrent stresses on memory. Spatial memory in mice was impaired enduringly after acute concurrent stresses resulting from loss of synaptic potentiation associated with disrupted structure of synapse-bearing dendritic spines. Combined application of the stress hormones corticosterone and CRH recapitulated the physiological and structural defects provoked by acute stresses. Mechanistically, corticosterone and CRH, via their cognate receptors, acted synergistically on the spine-actin regulator RhoA, promoting its deactivation and degradat...

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays multiple
roles in vertebrate species. In mammals, it is the major
hypothalamic releasing factor for pituitary adrenocorticotropin
secretion, and is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator
at other sites in the central nervous system. In
non-mammalian vertebrates, CRH not only acts as a
neurotransmitter and hypophysiotropin, it also acts as a
potent thyrotropin-releasing factor, allowing CRH to
regulate both the adrenal and thyroid axes, especially in
development. The recent discovery of a family of CRHlike
peptides suggests that multiple CRH-like ligands may
play important roles in these functions. The biological
effects of CRH and the other CRH-like ligands are
mediated and modulated not only by CRH receptors,
but also via a highly conserved CRH-binding protein
(CRH-BP). The CRH-BP has been identified not only in
mammals, but also in non-mammalian vertebrates including
fishes, amphibians, and birds, suggesting that it is a
phylogenetically ancient protein with extensive structural
and functional conservation. In this review, we discuss the
biochemical properties of the characterized CRH-BPs and
the functional roles of the CRH-BP. While much of the
in vitro and in vivo data to date support an ‘inhibitory’ role
for the CRH-BP in which it binds CRH and other
CRH-like ligands and prevents the activation of CRH
receptors, the possibility that the CRH-BP may also
exhibit diverse extra- and intracellular roles in a cell-specific
fashion and at specific times in development is also
discussed.

Background: Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) has been used for years in the traditional medicine of several countries as an adaptogen drug, able to preserve homeostasis in response to stress stimuli. Currently R. rosea roots and rhizome are classified as a traditional herbal medicinal product for temporary relief of symptoms of stress, such as fatigue and sensation of weakness by the European Medicines Agency. Hypothesis/Purpose: Increasing evidences suggest the involvement of neuroinflammation in response to stress. However, whether the modulation of neuroinflammatory parameters could be involved in the anti-stress effect of R. rosea has been barely studied. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the possible modulation of molecular inflammatory processes elicited by a R. rosea roots and rhizome ethanolic extract in an in vitro model of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods: BV2 cells were stimulated with CRH 100 nM and changes in cell viability, cytokines production and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were evaluated. Intracellular pathways related to inflammation, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation were also analyzed. Results: We found that R. rosea extract (2.7% m/m rosavin and 1% m/m salidroside) 20 µg/ml was able to counteract the neuroinflammatory effect of CRH by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation with a mechanism of action involving the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MKK2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and c-Jun n-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in a reduction of HSP70 expression. Conclusion: This work expands the knowledge of the intracellular mechanisms involved in R. rosea anti-stress activity and may be useful for the study of other adaptogen drugs.