The biofuel industry is rapidly growing with a promising role in producing renewable energy and tackling climate change. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to achieve cost-effective and process-efficient biofuel industry. Various... more
The biofuel industry is rapidly growing with a promising role in producing renewable energy and tackling climate change. Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to achieve cost-effective and process-efficient biofuel industry. Various nanomaterials have been developed with unique properties for enhanced biofuel production/utilization. The way forward is to develop nanotechnology-based biofuel systems at industrial scale.
This study aims to examine the effect of various advanced catalysts on tire waste pyrolysis oil using a small pilot-scale pyrolysis reactor with a capacity of 20 L. The catalytic pyrolysis with activated alumina (Al2O3) catalyst produced... more
This study aims to examine the effect of various advanced catalysts on tire waste pyrolysis oil using a small pilot-scale pyrolysis reactor with a capacity of 20 L. The catalytic pyrolysis with activated alumina (Al2O3) catalyst produced maximum liquid oil (32 wt.%) followed by activated calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (26 wt.%), natural zeolite (22 wt.%) and zeolite (H-SDUSY) (14 wt.%) catalysts, whereas liquid oil yield of 40% was obtained without catalyst. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results confirmed the pyrolysis liquid oil produced without catalyst consist of up to 93.3% of mixed aromatic compounds. The use of catalysts decreased the concentration of aromatic compounds in liquid oil down to 60.9% with activated calcium hydroxide, 71.0% with natural zeolite, 84.6% with activated alumina, except for synthetic zeolite producing 93.7% aromatic compounds. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data revealed that the mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds were found in all liquid oil samples, which further confirmed the gas chromatography results. The characteristics of pyrolysis liquid oil had viscosity (1.9 cSt), density (0.9 g/cm3), pour point (-2 °C) and flash point (27 °C), similar to conventional diesel. The liquid oil had higher heating values, key feature of a fuel, in the range of 42-43.5 MJ/kg that is same to conventional diesel (42.7 MJ/kg). However, liquid oil requires post-treatments, including refining and blending with conventional diesel to be used as a transport fuel, source of energy and value-added chemicals.
In this study, a mild chemical method was developed to synthesize manganese oxide coated sepiolite from RS, Mn(NO 3) 2 and H 2 O 2 in an alkaline solution at room temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF),... more
In this study, a mild chemical method was developed to synthesize manganese oxide coated sepiolite from RS, Mn(NO 3) 2 and H 2 O 2 in an alkaline solution at room temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) and thermal analysis (TA). After heating up to 600 °C, the structure of the γ-MnO 2 phase gradually transformed into the Mn 2 O 3 phase. TA indicated the transformation of γ-MnO 2 into Mn 2 O 3 between 400 and 600 °C. IR spectra of manganese oxides showed signature bands between 400 and 650 cm − 1 due to Mn–O lattice vibrations. The thermal desorption of pyridine was followed by IR and TA techniques to estimate the acidity of the samples. Decomposition of formic acid over RS and MCS was studied by IR spectroscopy at 100–400 °C. Monodentate symmetric and asymmetric formates were observed after formic acid adsorption between 100 and 300 °C.
A series of new unsymmetrical (XYC-1 type) palladacycles (C1-C4) were designed and synthesized with simple anchoring ligands L 1-4 H (L 1 H = 2-((2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylhydrazinyl)methyl)pyridine, L 2 H =... more
A series of new unsymmetrical (XYC-1 type) palladacycles (C1-C4) were designed and synthesized with simple anchoring ligands L 1-4 H (L 1 H = 2-((2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-phenylhydrazinyl)methyl)pyridine, L 2 H = N,N-dimethyl-4-((2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)hydrazono)methyl)aniline, L 3 H = N,N-diethyl-4-((2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)hydrazono)methyl) aniline and L 4 H = 4-(4-((2-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)hydrazono) methyl)phenyl)morpholine H = dissociable proton). Molecular structure of catalysts (C1-C4) were further established by single X-ray crystallographic studies. The cata-[a]
