Clotrimazole

Clotrimazole (C 22 H 17 ClN 2 , 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)(diphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole) and fluconazole (C 13 H 12 F 2 N 6 , 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol) are two active pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The X-ray powder diffraction data and the unit cell parameters of anhy-drous clotrimazole [Triclinic, P 1, a = 8.776(1) Å, b = 10.571(2) Å, c = 10.622(3) Å, α = 114.08(2)°, β = 96.87(2)°, γ = 97.61(2)°, V = 875.2(2) Å 3 , Z = 2] and monohydrated fluconazole [Triclinic, P 1, a = 5.6353(4) Å, b = 11.753(1) Å, c = 12.326(1) Å, α = 71.220(8)°, β = 79.896(9)°, γ = 84.35(1)°, V = 760.13(9) Å 3 , Z = 2] are reported.

Clotrimazole is marketed as a regularly occurring drug under numerous distinct names and via means of numerous agencies because of its antifungal activity. Clotrimazole, an artificial imidazole derivative, is often used domestically for the remedy of vaginal and pores and skin infections because of yeasts and dermatophytes. It shows maximum activity towards Candida spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. and Malazzesia furfur (Pityrosporon orbicular) in vitro. In addition, it also has a few in vitro towards Gram positive bacteria, and at very high concentrations shows activity towards Trichomonas spp. In the remedy of vaginal candidiasis, Clotrimazole vaginal pills have produced treatment costs similar with the ones of traditional nystatin vaginal pills. Clotrimazole has been a success in sufferers of non- responsive patients to different antifungal formulations together with nystatin and amphotericin B. Results in trichomonal vaginitis are not impressive. Skin infections because of Candida or dermatophytes had been successfully deals with topical use of clotrimazole. In comparative trials, clotrimazole cream has been as powerful as Whitfield's ointment and tolnaftate with inside the remedy of dermatophytoses , and as powerful as nystatin in cutaneous candidiasis. Clotrimazole topical formulations are well tolerated; however skin infection has withdrawal of remedy in some cases. Candida septicemia and urinary and pulmonary candidiasis had been cured with oral clotrimazole remedy. Results in different kinds of fungal infections, such as pulmonary aspergillosis, had been disappointing. A restricting issue in oral clotrimazole remedy is the excessive occurrence of gastro- intestinal disturbances and neurological reactions.