Coincidence

Many people are persuaded of the existence of psychic phenomena by their own spontaneous experiences of apparent psi. However, without some measure of how often psi-suggestive experiences can be expected to occur purely by chance, it is difficult to determine the epistemic import of these cases. While methods have been developed to find statistical baselines for some spontaneous cases—specifically, ones in which cases of interest can be identified before any verification of their supposedly psychic content has been obtained—many spontaneous cases of purported psi are not identified as such until after some degree of spontaneous verification occurs: for instance, when a person notices a striking correspondence between their mental state and another event to which that state appears to have no physical causal connection. This paper develops a method applicable to these cases—the time-slice method for calculating baseline correspondence potential—and thus enables individuals to determine the epistemic import of their own spontaneous psi experiences.

Synchronicity is a term originated by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl. G. Jung that attempts to explain the paradoxical occurrence of events that are tied together without obvious cause but have intrinsic meaning to the person experiencing them. Jung said, "(Synchronicity is) the coincidence in time of two or more causally unrelated events which have the same meaning." (Peat, n.d.). An example would be thinking of someone when suddenly the phone rings and it is them, or perhaps considering a new course of action and finding that very endeavor mentioned repeatedly in conversations, on TV or in the news.

Coincidence or providence? Fortuity or destiny? Is life merely a journey across the here and now, or does it follow a path that is part of some preordained design? How does one enter the world and under what circumstances? What claims to riches or wisdom may a person make based on his or her name (if he or she has one), the IQ he or she has been endowed with, or, in other circumstances, related to the geography of his or her birth? In Being There, Jerzy Kosiński addresses several questions of identity and existence within the complex system of modern society. Can one slip this intricate net and move towards the higher reaches of power and influence? In this short work of fiction the strong element of coincidence in a chain of swift events becomes a satirical allegory on the American dream, which, however, in the protagonist's case, was never sought. Kosiński appears to muse on the workings of chance, particularly when it is aided by the vanity of those whom Chauncey Gardiner meets on his precarious journey to a new garden. Forever fixed in a literal view of the narrow world he inhabits, Gardiner is a metaphor himself, set among what seem to be metaphors of life-coincidence, however, being the most pronounced of them all. This paper focuses on metaphors of existence, politics and coincidence. It also addresses the American Dream, the conceitedness of powermongers, and the extent to which manipulation is employed as a tool in the quest for the advancement of personal agendas.

Coincidences are found throughout history, weaved through time. Many researchers are baffled by them, wondering what they are, how they tie into our lives, and what they could possibly mean. Although there are many theories, each one is more confusing and detailed than the last. Using mathematical equations and studies, coincidences have been scientifically tested. However, it seems that as more questions are answered, there are even more to pop up. These happenings are vital to everyday lives, and for history. They change the way we look at the world, giving reality checks to those of us who need them, and they give us a new perspective.

Brentano’s theory of continuity is based on his account of boundaries. The core idea of the theory is that boundaries and coincidences thereof belong to the essence of continua. Brentano is confident that he developed a full-fledged, boundary-based, theory of continuity ; and scholars often concur: whether or not they accept Brentano’s take on continua they consider it a clear contender. My impression, on the contrary, is that, although it is infused with invaluable insights, several aspects of Brentano’s account of continuity remain inchoate. To be clear, the theory of boundaries on which it relies, as well as the account of ontological dependence that Brentano develops alongside his theory of boundaries, constitute splendid achievements. However, the passage from the theory of boundaries to the account of continuity is rather sketchy. This paper pinpoints some chief problems raised by this transition, and proposes some solutions to them which, if not always faithful to the letter of Brentano’s account of continua, are I believe faithful to its spirit.
§1 presents Brentano’s critique of the mathematical account of the continuous. §2 introduces Brentano’s positive account of continua. §3 raises three worries about Brentano’s account of continuity. §4 proposes a Neo-Brentanian approach to continua that handles these worries.

Many metaethicists assume that our normative judgments are both by and large true, and the product of causal forces. In other words, many metaethicists assume that the set of normative judgments that causal forces have led us to make largely coincides with the set of true normative judgments. How should we explain this coincidence? This is what Sharon Street (2006) calls the practical/theoretical puzzle. Some metaethicists can easily solve this puzzle, but not all of them can, Street argues; she takes the puzzle to constitute a specific challenge for normative realism. In this article I elucidate Street’s puzzle and outline possible solutions to it, framed in terms of a general strategy for reasoning about coincidences. I argue that the success of Street’s challenge crucially depends on how we set the
‘reference class’ of normative judgments that we could have endorsed, assuming realism. I conclude that while the practical/theoretical puzzle falls short of posing a general challenge for normative realism, it can be successful as a selective challenge for specific realist views.

1. Einführende Gedanken ………………………....................………. 1
2. Acht Typen des (natur-) wissenschaftlichen Zufalls … 2
3. Zufall in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften …..… 4
4. Zufall und Intuition ……………………………….......................….. 5
5. Beiträge aus dem Kongress …………………...............……….. 6
6. Rückblick …………………………………………............................….. 6

Believers tend to view the experience of coincidences as evidence for a variety of paranormal beliefs in
mind and mysterious causal mechanisms out in the world. On the other hand, skeptics (e.g. most psychologists)
tend to dismiss the psychological experience of coincidences as just yet one more demonstration
of how irrational people can be. Irrationality in this context means an association between the
experience of coincidences and biased cognition in terms of poor probabilistic reasoning and a propensity
for paranormal beliefs. In this article, we present a third way: the rationalist perspective on the
psychology of coincidence occurrence. We develop this new emphasis, including a new definition of
coincidence, out of reviewing and synthesizing the extant literature on coincidences. We then propose a
new three stage model to describe the psychological experience of coincidence, the 3C's model: 1. (C)oincidence
detection, 2. (C)ausal mechanism search 3. (C)oincidence versus cause judgment. The core
principles in this model are that people use the same properties relevant for causal reasoning when
detecting and evaluating events that are ultimately judged to be coincidental, and we describe how the
model can account for the key prior research on coincidences. Crucially, rather than just being examples
of irrationality, we argue that the experience of coincidences is a necessary consequence of rational
causal learning mechanisms and provides a widely ignored approach to evaluating the mechanisms of
causal reasoning.

Luke, D. (2014, November). Psychedelics, synchronicity and the rocky road to Chapel Perilous. Invited talk for the Cosmic Trigger Find the Others Conferestival, Liverpool, 23rd November.

http://cosmictriggerplay.com/the-festival/speakers-corner/#david-luke

1) Welche Rolle spielt Intuition im Entwicklungsgang der einzelnen Wissenschaften,  was kann aus wissenschaftshistorischer und epistemologischer, also gewissermaßen externer Perspektive zur Intuition in den Wissenschaften gesagt werden?

2)   Was haben einzelne Wissensfelder und Wissenschaftsdisziplinen zur Intuition zu sagen? Welche Definitionen  bieten sie an? Wie sieht die sozusagen interne Perspektive aus, gibt es so etwas wie „angewandte Intuition“ in den Wissenschaften?

3) Kann Intuition eine Rolle als Bindeglied zwischen wissenschaftlichen und außerwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisformen und Vorstellungswelten spielen?

In this paper I will argue against a view that I call foundationalism about persistence-conditions.The core of this view is that composite physical objects have their specific persistence-conditions in virtue of these conditions being fulfilled by the object’s physical constituents at various times. I will provide two arguments – the argument from the possibility of instantaneous objects and the argument from the presence of persistence-conditions – which show that this view is untenable. These arguments will also point towards a more adequate understanding of what it means for an object to have certain persistence-conditions. I will expound this understanding and suggest, on its basis, an unorthodox, hylomorphist account of the persistence-conditions of objects.

Individuals have an intuitive perception of what makes a good coincidence. Though the sensitivity to coincidences has often been presented as resulting from an erroneous assessment of probability, it appears to be a genuine competence, based on non-trivial computations. The model presented here suggests that coincidences occur when subjects perceive complexity drops. Co-occurring events are, together, simpler than if considered separately. This model leads to a possible redefini¬tion of subjective probability.

Definition of Divine Coincidence: when two or more unrelated but interdependent things occur, e.g. one is looking for an ancient baptistery, prays, and then someone appears with an umbrella as rain begins to fall. Many examples could be given such as those described in this brief paper.

Take a deck of playing cards and remove a suit of thirteen cards, say clubs. Then count aloud the number on the cards, and for each count aloud deal one. The probability that there are no coincidences or like card to like count aloud with n cards: P = ½!-1/3! + ¼!-1/5! + …. (-1)^(n-1) /n! = 0.366 … , n=5; = 0.367... , n=10. This is a series, e = 2.71828, 1/e = 0.36789 …. (pp. 137-138) Warren Weaver. Lady Luck, paper, c. 1963. e = 1 + ½! + 1/3! + ¼! + 1/5! + 1/6! … (p. 253) John Conway and Richard Guy. The Book of Numbers, c.1996. P + e = 1 + 2 (½! + ¼! + 1/6! …) = 1 + (1 + ½! + 1/3! …) = 1 + e ; (1/e) + e = 1 + e ; e = 1 [ unit circle ] e =-1 e^(-1) + 1 = 0 e^(i*pi) + 1 = 0 (p. 254) Euler's formula The probability that the count aloud is the same of the card is 1 – P. 1 – 0.367 … (in 10 cards) equals 0.632 …. [ near phi = 0.6182 ] also [ near 6/pi*pi == 1/1.6449... = 0.6079 …. ] (p. 139)

Within the causal modeling literature, debates about the Causal Faithfulness Condition (CFC) have concerned whether it is probable that the parameters in causal models will have values such that distinct causal paths will cancel. As the parameters in a model are fixed by the probability distribution over its variables, it is initially puzzling what it means to assign probabilities to these parameters. I propose that to assign a probability to a parameter in a model is to treat that parameter as a function of a variable in an augmented model. By combining this proposal with widely adopted principles regarding which variables must be included in a model, I argue that the various proposed counterexamples to CFC involving coordinated parameters are not genuine counterexamples. I then consider the cases in which CFC fails due not to coordination, but by coincidence, and propose explanatory and predictive bases for ruling out such coincidences without presuming that they are improbable. The aim of the proposed defenses is not to show that CFC never fails, but rather to argue that its use in a particular context may be defended using general modeling assumptions rather than by relying on claims about how often it fails.

Роман Горана Скробоње је јединствено дело у српској књижевности, јер представља први српски роман који корсти могућности алтернативне историје да створи свет налик нашем.
У уводу овог рада, рећи ћемо неколико речи о жанру фантастике у односу на Аристотелово дело о мимезису (разликовање историје и поезије). У другом делу овог рада, увидећемо како писац корсти могућност овофг жанра. Писац мења једну поједиост у биографији историјских личности да би створио нови правац, али ова мала промена увек мења точак историје.
У трећем делу овог рада, говорићемо о семантичком значењу ових промена, јер можемо увидети и утопијске промене у овом роману.За овакав став су битна два догађаја(Комарчићев разговор са Скерлићем и долазак Никодија Марића у Академију). Такође, ова два места могу бити тумачена и као деконструкција овог романа.

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy is a common technique to analyze the interlayer exchange coupling between magnetic layers. However, often only the static contributions are taken into account, while the dynamic coupling is neglected. The long-ranged dynamic coupling is linked to spin pumping and emerges when the resonance frequencies of the individual layers approach each other. Here we present a thorough study, utilizing broadband FMR spectroscopy, of the static and dynamic interlayer exchange coupling in Co/Cu/NiFe trilayers. The field is applied at an oblique angle of 82 , relative the film plane, to obtain a coincidence point (CP), where the Co and NiFe FMR frequencies overlap. Samples with spacer thicknesses between 0 40Å is used to cover a broad range of static coupling strengths (J 0). We observe a well-defined evolution towards collective dynamics as the frequency approaches zero – even in samples with vanishing J 0 – caused by the dynamic coupling. The decay of the coupling is traceable in the frequency dependence of the signal intensity, most notably in samples with weak, but distinct, J 0. The collective modes in those samples also show a transition of governing layers. The acoustic mode is clearly associated with NiFe below the coincidence point and to Co above, whereas the dominating layer of the optical mode changes from Co to NiFe.