Contaminated

The metal biosorption is the removal of metal ions by inactive, nonliving biomass due to highly attractive forces present between them. Bio-adsorption capacity of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. commonly known as Roselle or red sorrel purchased from Fenooj region in Sistan province in the southeastern region of Iran in a batch system of waste water by considering the effects of various parameters like initial concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, agitation speed and bio-adsorbent dose were studied. According to boost the capacity of bio-adsorption black tea residue was added to the red tea residue by different concentrations and percentages. Effect of various pH; temperature; dose of red tea residue in accompany by of black tea residue after infusion of 10 minutes in contaminated waste water solution in different contact time and initial concentration , particle size and agitation speed were studied. The samples were analyzed by standardized international protocols in Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center in Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University. The best results obtained by 0.5 % of red tea + 3 % black tea residues after 40 minutes. Further increase in contact time more than 40 minutes did not show significant increase in bio-adsorption (p > 0.05). The results of current study revealed, that using 0.5 % red tea residue in accompany by 3 % black tea residue can remove and decrease cadmium and nickel significantly and for cobalt decreasing the rate of adsorption is not as much as 2 other metals but remove cobalt after 40 minutes in remarkable contents.

ABSTRACT Although genetic and epigenetic codes instruct cellular regeneration that is required to maintain structural integrity and to secure normal functionality of living organisms, food is the main source of materials to construct the building units and the whole structure of an organism. Naturally, any shortage or surplus of these materials may lead to structural and/or functional defects and disease phenotype. While DNA synthesis is dependent on the nutritional state, metabolism of nutrients as well as contaminants and toxins present in food or generated during metabolism of nutritional elements/components (e.g. reactive oxygen species) are reliant on the genetic landscape. Nutritional imbalance can also result in epigenetic aberrations leading to development and/or progression of cancer and other complex diseases. In fact, carcinogenesis is characterized by the distribution of different factors including the inheritance of mutated genes, and the exposure to endogenous and/or exogenous agents during the life. In this chapter we discuss the potential impacts of dietary and nutritional components on genetic and epigenetic codes involved in cancer development and highlight the importance of bioactive dietary and nutritional components in cancer prevention and therapy. Considering the current status of human knowledge of the nutritional science and advanced techniques for the detection of genetic and epigenetic vulnerabilities and aberrations, it is time to promote efforts to identify new bioactive dietary and nutritional components to prevent or treat cancer and other complex diseases.

A method, system and a radiation detector system for use therein are provided for determining the depth distribution of radiation-emitting material distributed in a source medium, such as a contaminated field, without the need to take samples, such as extensive soil samples, to determine the depth distribution. The system includes a portable detector assembly with an x-ray or gamma-ray detector