DC

Generally the brakes are either hydraulically or pneumatically actuated systems. A dc motor can be used in certain system for controlling the brake application. From the study of various system of braking, which uses microcontroller, a new idea of braking for small scale application directly involving the working of a relays and a dc motor was evolved. The present project work seeks to create a pattern and design of electronic braking system using a dc motor. The project is categorized to two parts. The first parts deals with the general study of various braking system and its components. The second part deals with the various designs in accordance with the requirements. The basic precondition for developing electronic braking system is avoiding the hydraulic and pneumatic controlling and by designing a controller able to control automotive brake systems. So in this improved design we are trying to minimise the effort required for braking. In this system we are using a dc motor to actuate the fluid pressure in the brake calliper for braking.

Selama ini budidaya jamur tiram hanya sebatas menghasilkan jamur tiram sebagai bahan olahan pangan
dan sayuran ,lokasi pembudidayaan yang luas ,jumlah baglog jamur tiram yang banyak serta penyusunan media
tanam jamur yang memudahkan untuk perawatan,mendasari peneliti untuk memanfaatkan keberadaan
pembudidaya jamur tiram untuk meneliti apakah media tanam jamur tiram dapat menghasilkan energi listrik
,sebagai upaya pewujutan energi alternatif berskala kecil dan ramah lingkungan.

Metode pada perancangan penghasil listrik arus dc dengan memanfaatkan media tanam jamur tiram (baglog
jamur) sebagai Cell Baterai dimulai dari studi literature mengenai tanah dan mikrobiologi yang terkandung di
dalamnya. Studi lapangan merupakan tahap kedua penelitian guna mendapatkan informasi berupa data pengujian
dan data sampel media tanam baglog jamur tiram. Tahap ketiga dari metode ini adalah perancangan dan pengujian
sebagai tindak lanjut dari tahapan sebelumnya.

Dari hasil pengujian Cell Baterai media tanam jamur tiram (baglog jamur), baglog jamur tiram dapat
menghasilkan tegangan Setiap satu Cell baterai baglog jamur tiram rata-rata tegangan 0,84 V dan arus 1,33 mA.
Keseluruhan rangkaian sebanyak 100 cell baglog jamur tiram menghasilkan tegangan 4,53 volt dan arus 16,52
mA ,serta efektivitas sebesar 46%. Cell baterai baglog jamur tiram dapat menghidupkan lampu led selama 3 bulan
sesuai dengan masa produktif budidaya jamur tiram. Dapat disimpulkan Cell baterai baglog jamur tiram
berpotensi dapat digunakan sebagai alternative energi listrik kusus untuk kumbung budidaya jamur tiram dengan
pemakaian beban energy listrik yang rendah.

The current railway systems in India are not automated and are fully man-made. In railway stations generally we use bridges. It is very difficult for the elderly persons or handicapped persons to use the bridge. This project finds a good solution. Mainly the motion of a train is checked by sensor, this is used for automatically close/open the mobile platform. We made this device with the help of IR Sensors and Microcontroller. This project is used for automatically close/open the mobile platforms in between the train tracks. Normally the two platforms are connected by the mobile platform, through which the passengers can walk on the platform to reach the next platform when the train comes. Sensors are placed on the two sides of the track. If the train reaches one sensor, the mobile platform will automatically close which allows the train to go through the tracks and then when the train leaves the second sensor the mobile platform will automatically open bridging the 2 platforms. The microcontroller will check the presence of train by using infrared sensors. So on sensing the train on one path controller will give signals to the stepper motor to close the mobile platform automatically

lnAlAs/lnGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) offers excellent high frequency operation.In this work, the DC and RF performance of a 20 nm gate length enhancement mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on InP substrate are presented. The SILVACO-TCAD simulations performed at room temperature using the appropriate model sshowed that the studied device exhibit excellent pinch-off characteristics, with a maximum transconductance of 1100ms/mm, a threshold voltage of 0,62V, and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.106. The cutoff frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation are 980 GHz and 1.3THz respectively. These promising results allow us to affirm that this device is intended to be used in high frequency applications. 1. INTRODUCTION High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) technology is usually used for high frequency, high speed and low power applications [1] due to the enhanced electron mobility and velocity at high electron density in the channel. This provides an important drive current ID, an improved transconductance gm, an important cutoff frequency fT, and an important output gain, and also provided a low value of noise, low noise and high gain performances. Accordingly, HEMT devices became a significantly competitive candidate for various high-speed circuits [2, 3] millimeter wave systems [4, 5] and even terahertz applications [6-8]. In another hand High electron mobility devices based in the InAlAs/InGaAs material system showed the best high frequency response obtained until now and have exhibited excellent performances in terms of noise parameters compared to MOSFET devices at RF and microwave fields [9]. Also, diverse research groups work hard to increase the maximum frequency fmax of InP and succeeded in bringing up its fmax up to 1 THz. Actually, several technologies are based todayon InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well HEMT devices [10]. InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs play a leading role in the communication domain ranging from cell phones to electronic warfare systems such as radar and radio astronomy and amplificator application like LNA using an inductive drain feedback technique for wireless application at 5.8GHz and was used in LNA that designed using T-network as a matching technique was used at the input and output terminal, inductive generation to the source and an inductive drain feedback [11, 12]. The particular carrier transport properties of III-V materials are very attractive for THz applications, where outstanding high frequency characteristics have been reported [13-15]. InP-based electron mobility HEMTs are progressively becoming important for the fabrication of millimeter wave-MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) with high frequency and low noise applications and used for

lnAlAs/lnGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) offers excellent high frequency operation.In this work,the DC and RF performance of a 20 nm gate length enhancement mode InAlAs/InGaAs/InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on InP substrate are presented.The SILVACO-TCAD simulations performed at room temperature using the appropriate model sshowed that the studied device exhibit excellent pinch-off characteristics, with a maximum transconductance of 1100ms/mm, a threshold voltage of 0,62V, and an Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.106. The cut-off frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation are 980 GHz and 1.3THz respectively. These promising results allow us to affirm that this device is intended to be used in high frequency applications.

Multilevel inverters provide a staircase output voltage from DC voltage sources. Demanding large number of semiconductor power switches is main disadvantage of multilevel inverters. The multilevel inverters can be divided in two groups: symmetric and asymmetric inverter. The asymmetric multilevel inverters produce a great number of output steps without increased the number of DC voltage sources and components. In this thesis, a novel technique for multilevel inverter is proposed used cascaded sub-multilevel Cells. This sub-multilevel inverter can provide five levels of voltage. Here a level shifted Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is applied to control the power devices. This modulation technique uses a sine wave and a repeating wave, these waves are combined and a complete reference wave is generated. Four Comparative study (5, 7, 9 & 11 level inverter) and algorithms for determining the DC voltage sources magnitudes have been presented. Finally, in order to verify the theoretical issues, simulation is presented in MATLAB/SIMULINK Software.

ABSTRACTWith the recent rise in global history as a discipline, early modern Europe's Asian trade has become a new focus of interest. In French historiography, however, this still remains marginalized. Some studies of the French East India Companies and the French presence in Asia exist, but the impact of this on metropolitan France remains woefully underexplored. This article outlines the history and historiography of the French East India Companies and their wider role and importance, outlining pathways of both existing, current, and possible future research.

... of the past] with special reference to psychological work on history / shed some light on present research efforts by sketching out some historical antecedents and providing some sense of context / discuss history's treatment by early educational psychologists ...

https://journalistethics.com/
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Citizen Journalist account of Washington DC at January 18, 2021 about mass National Guard and US Army Presence.

Please ignore fake news and consult citizens journalists.

DC, Washington DC, national guard, army, guards, trump, donald trump, president donald trump, inauguration, biden, joe biden, virtual inauguration, military, martial law, insurrenction act, insurrection, martial, police

The Treaty of Amiens, which brought an end to almost a decade of Franco-British warfare in March 1802, has long been understood as a flawed attempt at peace making. The British government’s surrender of most of its wartime colonial acquisitions, combined with a failure to push for guarantees on the Continent, has been interpreted as a meek acquiescence in France’s domination over Western Europe. The recommencement of war in May 1803 simply seems to confirm the supposition that the treaty was fundamentally inadequate. This article questions that interpretation by examining Britain’s relations with and policies towards Europe, and above all towards the Netherlands, during the period of negotiation and subsequent peace, 1800-3. It suggests that the British government did not conceive Amiens as the surrender of key interests, but as a base from which British influence could be reasserted. By looking at the context of Britain’s historical connections to the Netherlands, their experience ...

Over the weekend of 29/30 September 2001, approximately 20,000 people participated in anti-war protests in Washington, DC. Based on firsthand observations and interviews with police officials, we analyze the response of the Metro DC police (MPDC) to three separate protests that weekend, including those sponsored by the Anti-Capitalist Convergence (ACC), the International Action Center (IAC) and the Washington Peace Center (WPC). Our observations illustrate how the MPDC’s efforts to control the space in which the respective protests occurred varied across demonstrations The MPDC tightly controlled the space in which transgressive groups (ACC) demonstrated, but were much more lenient with contained groups (WPC, IAC). We relate the MPDC tactics to changes in the policing of protest since the 1999 World Trade Organization protests in Seattle and highlight police tactics such as the partitioning of space, and the strategic incapacitation and rearranging of demonstrators.

Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential–power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change.

Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential–power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change.

Positive aboveground biomass trends have been reported from old-growth forests across the Amazon basin and hypothesized to reflect a large-scale response to exterior forcing. The result could, however, be an artefact due to a sampling bias induced by the nature of forest growth dynamics. Here, we characterize statistically the disturbance process in Amazon old-growth forests as recorded in 135 forest plots of the RAINFOR network up to 2006, and other independent research programmes, and explore the consequences of sampling artefacts using a data-based stochastic simulator. Over the observed range of annual aboveground biomass losses, standard statistical tests show that the distribution of biomass losses through mortality follow an exponential or near-identical Weibull probability distribution and not a power law as assumed by others. The simulator was parameterized using both an exponential disturbance probability distribution as well as a mixed exponential–power law distribution to account for potential large-scale blowdown events. In both cases, sampling biases turn out to be too small to explain the gains detected by the extended RAINFOR plot network. This result lends further support to the notion that currently observed biomass gains for intact forests across the Amazon are actually occurring over large scales at the current time, presumably as a response to climate change.

In this paper we report effect of optical illumination on Silicon MOSFET. The MOSFET has been studied in respect of current voltage, transconductance admittance and scattering parameters. Gain analysis of the Silicon MOSFET is done in dark and under optical illumination. The device is fabricated using ATHENA™ process simulator and the device simulation is performed using ATLAS™ from SILVACO international. The simulation results indicate potential of MOSFET as optically sensitive structure which can be used for increase in data transmission/reception rates, reduction of interconnect delays, elimination of clock skew, or as a photodetector for optoelectronic applications at low and radio frequency.