Degassing

The 5 April 2003 paroxysmal explosion at Stromboli volcano was one of the strongest explosive events of the last century. It occurred while the effusive eruption, begun on 28 December 2002 and finished on 22 July 2003, was still on going and the summit craters of the volcano were obstructed. In this paper, we present a reconstruction of the sequence

The CO2 fluxes involved in the mass mortality of large stands of timber on the flanks of Mammoth Mountain in California's Sierra Nevada were measured and spatial and temporal inhomogeneities observed. Our estimate of the integrated flux over the total area of tree-kill is on the order of 400 t day−1. Small scale spatial variability most likely reflects varying degrees of shallow bedrock fracture and soil compaction. Temporal variability suggests a fast response to subsurface conditions such as seismically induced crack propagation, degassing of intruded magma, or changing groundwater/soil moisture conditions.

Permeability measurement of quenched volcanic porous materials is an important approach to understand permeability development and degassing of vesicular silicic magmas. In this study, we developed a gas permeameter to measure permeability of natural samples and experimental products. The permeameter has broad measurement ranges of pressure difference (101–105 Pa) and gas-flow rate (10−9–10−5 m3/s). These ranges enable us to measure viscous permeability

We present a study of olivine-hosted glass/melt inclusions (MIs) in the most primitive rocks erupted at Procida Island, within the Phlegraean Volcanic District (PVD), Southern Italy. MIs were analyzed by combined Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray-detectors, Wavelength Dispersive X-ray-equipped Electron Microprobe and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy; notably, the novel Focal-Plane-Array mode provided high-resolution FT-IR images evidencing