En

Definiciones La productividad es definida como el número de actividades realizadas por unidad de recurso existente en un tiempo dado: por ejemplo, las consultas por hora médico, el número de egresos por cama año, las placas radiológicas por día-equipo, etcétera. Sirve para definir lo deseable y para desarrollar planes o para justificar recursos. Cuando se mide la productividad del recurso humano es necesario discriminar sobre el número de horas (trabajador) contratadas y laboradas. Se entiende por horas contratadas todas aquellas por las cuales el trabajador recibe remuneración, sin que necesariamente deba laborarlas en la institución. Incluye las horas de vacaciones, permisos, licencias, incapacidades, además de aquellas en las que se encuentra laborando realmente en su lugar de trabajo. Las horas laboradas son exclusivamente aquellas en las que el trabajador se encuentra en su sitio de trabajo, dedicado a labores propias en cumplimiento de su contrato. Para efecto de la generación de indicadores se entiende como productividad el número de actividades o productos por hora contratada y como rendimiento

Biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic as well as the industrial communities in recent years. However, one of the most serious obstacles for using biodiesel as an alternative fuel is the complicated and costly purification processes involved in its production. The difficulties involved in the separation of glycerine and other un-reacted reactants and by-products necessitate the development of new competent low cost separation processes for this purpose. In this work, a low cost quaternary ammonium salt–glycerine-based ionic liquid is proposed as a solvent for extracting glycerine from the transesterification biodiesel product. The separation technique was tested on palm oil-based produced biodiesel with KOH as a reaction catalyst. The study investigated the effect of DES:biodiesel ratio and the DES composition on the efficiency of the extraction process. The lab scale purification experiments proved the viability of the separation technique with a best DES:biodiesel molar ratio of 1:1 and a DES molar composition of 1:1 (salt:glycerine). The purified biodiesel fulfilled the EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 standard specifications for biodiesel fuel in terms of glycerine content. A continuous separation process is suggested for industrial scale application.

The textual, archaeological, linguistic and ethnographic evidence examined in this study supports the view that the Lower Dniester region is one of the oldest regions of wine-making. The documents, artifacts and linguistic evidence containing information in relation to origin of wine-making from prospective of the origin of Dionysian cult is focused on the fullest archaeological and textual evidence from Circum-Pontic and east Mediterranean regions. The role and impact of wine on the culture and religion of ancient lands of Lower Dniester and early Indo-Europeans represented by archaeological evidences is illustrated in many ways. Reexamination of the Dionysian mythology by means of the interdisciplinary approach shows strong evidence of its place of origin.

An industrial grade acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) pre-treatment process was carried out using ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) as a catalyst in the esterification reaction. ESA was used in different dosages to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) to a minimum level for the second stage of biodiesel production via alkaline transesterification reaction. Different process operating conditions were optimized such as ESA dosage (0.25–3.5% wt/wt), methanol to ACPO molar ratio (1:1–20:1), reaction temperature (40–70 °C), and reaction time (3–150 min). This study revealed the potential use of abundant quantities of ACPO from oil palm mills for biodiesel production. The lab scale results showed the effectiveness of the pre-treatment process using ESA catalyst. Three consecutive catalyst recycling runs were achieved without significant degradation in its performance. Second and third reuse runs needed more reaction time to achieve the target level of FFA content. Esterification and transesterification using ESA and KOH respectively is proposed for biodiesel industrial scale production. The produced biodiesel meets the international standards specifications for biodiesel fuel (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751).► Acidic crude palm oil is proposed as a raw material for biodiesel production. ► Ethanesulfonic acid is introduced as a new esterification catalyst. ► The acid was recycled for three batches with insignificant lose in efficiency. ► The produced biodiesel meets the international standards for biodiesel fuel.

The toner is used in photocopiers to form the latent electrical image on the drum. The paper picks up the toner particles (image), when it slides over the drum. Approximately 10% of toner particles are left over the drum due to specific factors. This left out toner is cleaned by the unit to ensure the copy quality of the proceeding copies. This left out toner is called as waste toner and is collected in cleaner sump. If this waste toner is used in the photocopiers, the quality of the copier is reduced. The waste toner is mixed in proportion with Carbon Black Nano powder and original toner to get Hybrid Carbon Black Toner. The original toner is the toner prescribed for the photocopier by the manufacturer. By implementation of this technique, the cost of photocopy can be reduced and the quality of the photocopy can be increased.

Abstract: We are presenting a method to recognise geographical references in free text. Our tool must work on various languages with a minimum of language-dependent resources, except a gazetteer. The main difficulty is to disambiguate these place names by distinguishing places from persons and by selecting the most likely place out of a list of homographic place names world-wide. The system uses a number of language-independent clues and heuristics to disambiguate place name homographs. The final aim ...

The toner is used in photocopiers to form the latent electrical image on the drum. The paper picks up the toner particles (image), when it slides over the drum. Approximately 10% of toner particles are left over the drum due to specific factors. This left out toner is cleaned by the unit to ensure the copy quality of the proceeding copies. This left out toner is called as waste toner and is collected in cleaner sump. If this waste toner is used in the photocopiers, the quality of the copier is reduced. The waste toner is mixed in proportion with Carbon Black Nano powder and original toner to get Hybrid Carbon Black Toner. The original toner is the toner prescribed for the photocopier by the manufacturer. By implementation of this technique, the cost of photocopy can be reduced and the quality of the photocopy can be increased.

We study a problem of quick detection of top-k Personalized PageRank lists. This problem has a number of important applications such as finding local cuts in large graphs, estimation of similarity distance and name disambiguation. In particular, we apply our results to construct efficient algorithms for the person name disambiguation problem. We argue that when finding top-k Personalized PageRank lists two observations are important. Firstly, it is crucial that we detect fast the top-k most important neighbours of a node, while the exact order in the top-k list as well as the exact values of PageRank are by far not so crucial. Secondly, a little number of wrong elements in top-k lists do not really degrade the quality of top-k lists, but it can lead to significant computational saving. Based on these two key observations we propose Monte Carlo methods for fast detection of top-k Personalized PageRank lists. We provide performance evaluation of the proposed methods and supply stopping criteria. Then, we apply the methods to the person name disambiguation problem. The developed algorithm for the person name disambiguation problem has achieved the second place in the WePS 2010 competition.

Modern manufacturers, seeking to remain competitive in the market, rely on their Manufacturing engineers and production personnel to quickly and effectively set up manufacturing processes for new products. This paper presents the single response optimization of turning parameters for Turning on EN8 Steel. Experiments are designed and conducted based on Taguchi’s L9 Orthogonal array design. This paper discusses an investigation into the use of Taguchi parameter Design optimize the Surface Roughness and Tool tip temperature in turning operations using single point carbide Cutting Tool. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is employed to analyze the influence of Process Parameters during Turning. The useful results have been obtained by this research for other similar type of studies and can be helpful for further research works on the Tool life.

We are presenting a method to recognise geographical references in free text. Our tool must work on various languages with a minimum of language-dependent resources, except a gazetteer. The main difficulty is to disambiguate these place names by distinguishing places from persons and by selecting the most likely place out of a list of homographic place names world-wide. The system uses a number of language-independent clues and heuristics to disambiguate place name homographs. The final aim is to index texts with the countries and cities they mention and to automatically visualise this information on geographical maps using various tools.

After a period of strong support in the 1960s and 1970s, public funding for research and extension activities in LAC began to wane in the 1980s and 1990s. The strained economic context for many countries required the search for more cost-effective and efficient strategies for producing, disseminating and applying new knowledge and information in agriculture. At the same time, the demand for innovation became all the more pressing, as increased global competition required improvements in agricultural productivity. Consequently, many countries in the region in recent years have sought to revitalize their agricultural research and extension systems through a series of sustainability of funding for these services. Reflective of the drivers of reform, the focus has been on the following principles: 1) diversification in execution and funding; 2) allocation of funding on a competitive basis; 3) demand-driven financing; 4) empowerment of local communities; and, 5) increased private sector ...

An industrial grade acidic crude palm oil (ACPO) pre-treatment process was carried out using ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) as a catalyst in the esterification reaction. ESA was used in different dosages to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) to a minimum level for the second stage of biodiesel production via alkaline transesterification reaction. Different process operating conditions were optimized such as ESA dosage (0.25–3.5% wt/wt), methanol to ACPO molar ratio (1:1–20:1), reaction temperature (40–70 °C), and reaction time (3–150 min). This study revealed the potential use of abundant quantities of ACPO from oil palm mills for biodiesel production. The lab scale results showed the effectiveness of the pre-treatment process using ESA catalyst. Three consecutive catalyst recycling runs were achieved without significant degradation in its performance. Second and third reuse runs needed more reaction time to achieve the target level of FFA content. Esterification and transesterification using ESA and KOH respectively is proposed for biodiesel industrial scale production. The produced biodiesel meets the international standards specifications for biodiesel fuel (EN 14214 and ASTM D6751).► Acidic crude palm oil is proposed as a raw material for biodiesel production. ► Ethanesulfonic acid is introduced as a new esterification catalyst. ► The acid was recycled for three batches with insignificant lose in efficiency. ► The produced biodiesel meets the international standards for biodiesel fuel.