Energy Yield
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Recent papers in Energy Yield
The number of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in Europe has drastically increased over the last few years, mostly thanks to the advantageous feed-in tariffs set in by each country’s government. A relatively little fraction of... more
The number of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems installed in Europe has drastically increased over the last few years, mostly thanks to the advantageous feed-in tariffs set in by each country’s government. A relatively little fraction of the energy production data of these PV systems has been analysed, and
as a consequence, there still remain wide gaps in the knowledge of the real-world performance of these PV systems. This feedback from the field is nevertheless important for the future development of the PV industry and for the establishment of new renewable energy development programmes by the respective governments.
We have analysed the operational data monitored at more than 31,000 PV systems in Europe. These installations comprise residential and commercial rooftop PV systems distributed over 9 different countries, including multi-megawatt PV plants installed in the South of Europe. The PV systems were installed between 2006 and 2014. The mean Energy Yield of the PV systems located in the four reference countries are 1115 kWh/kWp for France, 898 kWh/kWp for the UK, 908 kWh/kWp for Belgium, 1450 kWh/kWp for the PV plants in Spain mounted on a static structure, and 2127 kWh/kWp for those mounted on a solar tracker in Spain. We suggest that the typical PR value for the PV systems installed in 2015 is 0.81. We have observed that the performance of the PV system s tends to increase when the peak power of the PV systems increases. We have found significant performance differences as a function of the inverter manufacturer, and the PV module manufacturer and technology. We have found an improvement of the state-of-the-art, in the form of an increase in performance in the yearly integrated PR of around 3 to 4% over the last seven years, which represents an increase of about 0.5% per year.
The wide disparity in yearly integrated performance ratio, between 0.6 and 0.9, implies that there is a difference of some 30% between the best and the worst performers. Ideally, the PV sector should aim at reaching PR values over 0.84 for most of the PV systems to be installed in the future. More quality controls and further improvement in the state of the art are therefore a very promising option towards a leap in overall performance, which could lead to an average value of PR over 0.84, representing an improvement in performance around 10%, and a corresponding reduction in LCoE of the same order of magnitude.
as a consequence, there still remain wide gaps in the knowledge of the real-world performance of these PV systems. This feedback from the field is nevertheless important for the future development of the PV industry and for the establishment of new renewable energy development programmes by the respective governments.
We have analysed the operational data monitored at more than 31,000 PV systems in Europe. These installations comprise residential and commercial rooftop PV systems distributed over 9 different countries, including multi-megawatt PV plants installed in the South of Europe. The PV systems were installed between 2006 and 2014. The mean Energy Yield of the PV systems located in the four reference countries are 1115 kWh/kWp for France, 898 kWh/kWp for the UK, 908 kWh/kWp for Belgium, 1450 kWh/kWp for the PV plants in Spain mounted on a static structure, and 2127 kWh/kWp for those mounted on a solar tracker in Spain. We suggest that the typical PR value for the PV systems installed in 2015 is 0.81. We have observed that the performance of the PV system s tends to increase when the peak power of the PV systems increases. We have found significant performance differences as a function of the inverter manufacturer, and the PV module manufacturer and technology. We have found an improvement of the state-of-the-art, in the form of an increase in performance in the yearly integrated PR of around 3 to 4% over the last seven years, which represents an increase of about 0.5% per year.
The wide disparity in yearly integrated performance ratio, between 0.6 and 0.9, implies that there is a difference of some 30% between the best and the worst performers. Ideally, the PV sector should aim at reaching PR values over 0.84 for most of the PV systems to be installed in the future. More quality controls and further improvement in the state of the art are therefore a very promising option towards a leap in overall performance, which could lead to an average value of PR over 0.84, representing an improvement in performance around 10%, and a corresponding reduction in LCoE of the same order of magnitude.
- by Jonathan Leloux and +1
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- Statistics, European Union, ANOVA, Reliability
Catalytic pyrolysis involves the production of upgraded liquids in a single step within short residence times. In the present study the catalytic pyrolysis of jute has been investigated using a cylindrical semi-batch pyrolyzer made of... more
Catalytic pyrolysis involves the production of upgraded liquids in a single step within short
residence times. In the present study the catalytic pyrolysis of jute has been investigated using a
cylindrical semi-batch pyrolyzer made of stainless steel under both isothermal condition and within
the temperature range of 400⁰C to 900⁰C in an inert N2 atmosphere. Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃) was
used as the catalyst. Alumina was pre-calcined at 120ºC for 2 hr in muffle furnace before being used in
the reactor. Catalyst and jute were mixed directly at the ratio of 1:10. The use of Al₂O₃ catalyst led to
higher tar yield and phenolic compounds in the liquid product. The chemical composition of the pyro
– oil was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the basic
compositional groups and GC/MS to quantify the components. The energy yield of the pyro-oil has
been calculated.
residence times. In the present study the catalytic pyrolysis of jute has been investigated using a
cylindrical semi-batch pyrolyzer made of stainless steel under both isothermal condition and within
the temperature range of 400⁰C to 900⁰C in an inert N2 atmosphere. Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃) was
used as the catalyst. Alumina was pre-calcined at 120ºC for 2 hr in muffle furnace before being used in
the reactor. Catalyst and jute were mixed directly at the ratio of 1:10. The use of Al₂O₃ catalyst led to
higher tar yield and phenolic compounds in the liquid product. The chemical composition of the pyro
– oil was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify the basic
compositional groups and GC/MS to quantify the components. The energy yield of the pyro-oil has
been calculated.