This study compared the cellular interactions of Spodopteralittoralis haemocytes with two virulence-different entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveriabassiana and Nomuraearileyi. Using light and transmission microscopy, five types of haemocytes... more
This study compared the cellular interactions of Spodopteralittoralis haemocytes with two virulence-different entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveriabassiana and Nomuraearileyi. Using light and transmission microscopy, five types of haemocytes namely, prohaemocytes (PRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), spherule cells (SPs) and oenocytoids (OEs) were identified in the 6th instar larvae. PRs and PLs were found in the haemopoietic tissue. Intra-haemocoelic injection of blastospores induced ultrastructural alterations in the cytoplasm and nuclei of circulating haemocytes of treated larvae. Different responses were observed in the populations of haemocyte types following injection with the tested fungi. The most important changes were the decrease of the numers of GRs accompanied with increase in SPs at 12-48h following injection with B. bassiana, whereas, a decrease of PLs with a commitment increase inSPs and OEs were observed at most time intervals after injection with N. rileyi. B...
In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In... more
In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In this study, the comparative efficacy of endophytic and foliar application of B. bassiana was assessed on different larval instars of P. xylostella. Cabbage plants were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia using seed coating and root soaking methods. Six weeks after plant endophytic inoculation, larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of P. xylostella were released on endophytic plant leaves without fungal spraying, on non-endophytic leaves sprayed immediately with fungal formulation and on untreated control leaves. Our results indicate that the average mortality rates of larval instars 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) on plants colonized by the endophyte than non-inoculated, untreated control plant. Similarly, significant differences were obtain...
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) involves the use of cultural, chemical and biological agents and more recently genetic modification to limit pest incidence in crop production. The effectiveness of the biological agents is dependent on... more
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) involves the use of cultural, chemical and biological agents and more recently genetic modification to limit pest incidence in crop production. The effectiveness of the biological agents is dependent on the compatibility of the living organisms with the cultural and chemical components as well as other living organisms used in the programme. In this paper the pathogenicity of four isolates (ARSEF 932, ARSEF 954, IMI 152222 and IMI 299982) of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae was tested against selected natural enemies viz., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Anagyrus kamali, Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Bracon thurberiphagae. Bioassays and probit analyses were used to determine the LC50 and LT50 of each fungal isolates against the natural enemies. The results of this study will be used to assist in the determination of the compatibility of M. anisopliae with the selected natural enemies when developing IPM programs in which these natural ene...
Abstract Addition of oils increases the infectivity of entomopathogens by enhancing conidial adhension, prolonged persistence and infectivity against the target pests. An in vitro study, by following the poison food technique was... more
Abstract Addition of oils increases the infectivity of entomopathogens by enhancing conidial adhension, prolonged persistence and infectivity against the target pests. An in vitro study, by following the poison food technique was conducted to determine the compatibility of ...
Insect pests act as main barrier in enhancing yield potential of Brassica crops. Lipaphis erysimi is considered as one of the most destructive insect species in mustard production due to its voracious type feeding and multiplication.... more
Insect pests act as main barrier in enhancing yield potential of Brassica crops. Lipaphis erysimi is considered as one of the most destructive insect species in mustard production due to its voracious type feeding and multiplication. Therefore application of insecticide is inevitable for cultivation of cruciferous crops, although systemic insecticides has been found to be suitable for management of aphid, despite of high cost, residual effect and ecological ramification have necessitated the application of bio and botanical insecticides as novel approach and are recorded significant in research. Aphids having exclusively viviparous parthenogenesis type reproduction from January to March month with the completion of eight generations are helpful in quick mass multiplication. Natural enemies Coccinella spp., Syrphid larvae and biopesticide found effective in suppress aphid numbers. Manipulation in sowing dates of mustard crop provides good yield and less incidence of aphid which is proved through research. Lack of environmental resistant varieties has dispensed toward non feasibility of conventional breeding approaches for developing aphid-resistant Brassica. Although application of genetic engineering plan has resulted in moderate success in development of aphid resistance, so far commercialization of such genetically modified crops has not conceivable, intimate the necessity of further insights in to host plant and aphid communication to form effective approach against aphid resistance. Therefore in this chapter the components involved in Brassica aphid communication are highlighted and present statuses and problem in aphid management are discussed
