Fatalities

A survey of accident statistics and harm to the head and neck from side impact and rollover, suggest that vehicle upper structure should be the next high priority goal in reducing severe casualties. Contrary to contentions that roof strength has little influence on these injuries, these results from a multiplicity of studies, indicate that roof collapse should be eliminated, passive interior padding improved, laminated and retained glazing be installed and restraints improved by pretensioning retractors. A statistical analysis of the 982 and 1983 NASS files of rollover accidents, indicates a greatly increased risk of severe injury to occupants under a collapsing roof section. The increased risk was also demonstrated by detailed investigation and analysis of 15 rollover accidents using the protocol of SAE #890382 (Live Subject Safety Research). The instrumented data from sixteen nearly identical, rollover tests conducted by General Motors with conventional and rollcaged roofs
and unrestrained and belted Hybrid III dummies were analyzed and confirmed the increased risk. Limiting the deformation extent of vehicle roofs by lightweight structural changes and simple and inexpensive force limiting, energy absorbing interior surface modifications, were demonstrated to reduce the rick of severe injuries by a factor of at least four. Further reductions stability by Anti-Lock Braking Systems, limiting an occupant's contact velocity by emergency tensioning retractors on restraints and by minimizing partial ejection potential by laminated and retained glazing.

Risk aversion, courage and sacrifice during the "war" against coronavirus
Courage, cowardice and cowering?
Honouring the risk takers?
Misrepresentation of the scope of the crisis?
Collateral damage and tolerable fatalities in warfare -- from the perspective of authorities

Fuel based lighting made up of kerosene continues to find essential use in West Africa. In Nigeria where tens of millions regularly use kerosene, adverse environmental health effects remain widespread much of the time given the mixed results. These include rising mortality and morbidity often associated with fire hazards from kerosene explosions, destruction of properties, burns, compromised vision, indoor air pollution, asthma and the disproportionate exposure of infants and women to the risks of recurrent kerosene hazards. With hospital emergency cases involving complications from kerosene hazards on the rise, adulterated products in the face of loose regulations and mass poverty has surged over the years. In all these, very little research exists to assess the risks from fuel lighting incidents and their impacts from a mix scale perspective using GIS. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the growing risks from kerosene disasters in Nigeria. Emphasis is on the issues, the trends, factors and impacts using mix scale techniques of GIS and descriptive statistics to map and track the trends spatially. Preliminary results using descriptive statistics reveal kerosene hazards in the form of fatalities through household explosions as well as health and environmental risks. Just as impact analysis identified pollution threats, the GIS mapping pinpointed the spatial dispersion of the risks and elements associated with kerosene hazards. With all these attributed to several elements from ineffective policy to economic conditions, the paper offered several remedies consisting of the need for education and enlightenment campaign, coupled with improved emergency response to fire hazards and the strengthening of policy. In highlighting the extent of kerosene hazards in the country, there is opportunity for resource managers and decision-making to build from it and design proactive measures to mitigate future disasters for the safety of citizens.

Unemployment and job loses are inevitable conclusion of economic recession. In recession time, the transportation demand and supply are being changed. The influence of economic conditions on behavior is not new. There is the link between economic conditions and social behavior (Durkheim, 1951, originally published in 1897; Burgess, 1925; Ogburn, 1936; Cottrell, 1951)
In this changing financial context, transportation demand and supply are being re-equilibrated. Many people started to use bicycle for transportation. Economic condition also produced some unpleasantness and bad mental health effects. In this condition while they were going to their destination by their bicycle they had a fatal accidents which were related with recession. In this special period, there was a correlation between unemployment which was caused from recession and bicycle fatalities. The major purpose of this paper is to survey and explain this correlation.

A recent trend of escalating use of cocaine/crack cocaine was observed in the UK. The number of mentions on death certificates; last year use of cocaine; treatment demand, number of drug offenders, seizures, prices and average purity levels were the indicators used for this descriptive and correlational study. Figures (1990—2004) were taken from official UK sources. A total of 1022 cocaine/crack cocaine death mentions (i.e. deaths from any cause where the presence of cocaine/crack cocaine was also detected) were identified, with cocaine/crack cocaine being the sole drug mentioned in 36% of cases. The number of cocaine/crack cocaine death mentions showed a year-on-year increase and correlated positively with the following cocaine (powder) figures: last year use ( p < 0.001); number of offenders ( p < 0.001) and number of seizures ( p < 0.001), but correlated negatively with price ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, the number of cocaine/crack cocaine death mentions correlated posi...

Road accident is an incisive problem in highway transportation system which directly sentenced to death, injury and property damage. Rajshahi is one of the most crucial cities in Bangladesh where road accident frequently occurs. Many people die and seriously injured every year in Rajshahi city due to accident. The statistical data of road accident of Rajshahi city is presented in this paper. Data of accidents for three years (2011, 2012 & 2013) were collected from four Police Stations which are situated in Rajshahi city. It is observed that, 51 accidents occur in this time span. It has been found that six intersections and four mid-blocks are the most hazardous, where the rate of accident frequency is high. These intersections and mid-blocks were located by GPS technology and finally a map is drawn by GIS to indicate these locations. The analysis shows that 41.67% victims were between ages 20 to 35 years old. The vehicles are mostly responsible for accidents that are trucks (26%) an...