Fos

Cette communication, présentée lors du XVIIe Colloque AFUE à l'Université de Séville (mai 2018), avait pour but de présenter de façon concrète comment la pédagogie inversée (flipped classroom) et les méthodes actives, en particulier la pédagogie de projet, peuvent nous aider à innover la formation des enseignant.e.s de Français pour Objectifs Spécifiques (FOS). S'appuyant sur une expérience de terrain réalisée pendant les deux dernières années à l’Université du Pays Basque, la présente communication propose une contribution, sur le plan méthodologique et pédagogique, pour la formation des enseignant.e.s et formateur.trice.s de FOS.

The current research is dedicated to following the accumulation of prebiotics inulin and fructooligosaccharides in the roots of Bulgarian medicinal plants common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Web.) and meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis L.) in some areas of the Bulgaria for a period of two years. The roots of each plant were subjected to exhausting ethanol and subsequent water extraction. The contents of inulin-type fructans in the obtained extracts have been determined by a spectrophotometric method based on resorcinol reaction and TLC analysis. It has been found that the amounts of fructooligosaccharides and inulin were the highest in roots of the plants collected in the autumn season as in taproots of common chicory reached to 23 g/100 g dw and up to 34 g/100 g d.w in dandelion roots, respectively. The underground parts of the studied medicinal plants collected in the spring have been characterized by very high levels of fructo-oligosaccharides...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces two different α-glucosidases, Glucosidase 1 (Gls1) and Glucosidase 2 (Gls2), which are responsible for the removal of the glucose molecules from N-glycans (Glc 3 Man 9 GlcNAc 2) of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Whether any additional α-glucosidases playing a role in catabolizing the glucosylated N-glycans are produced by this yeast, however, remains unknown. We report herein on a search for additional α-glucosidases in S. cerevisiae. To this end, the precise structures of cytosolic free N-glycans (FNGs), mainly derived from the peptide:N-glycanase (Png1) mediated deglycosy-lation of N-glycoproteins were analyzed in the endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase-deficient mutants. 12 new glucosylated FNG structures were successfully identified through 2-dimentional HPLC analysis. On the other hand, non-glucosylated FNGs were not detected at all under any culture conditions. It can therefore be safely concluded that no catabolic α-glucosidases acting on N-glycans are produced by this yeast.

A method of distributed calibration of a probe microscope scanner is suggested. The main idea consists in a search for a net of local calibration coefficients (LCCs) in the process of automatic measurement of a standard surface, whereby each point of the movement space of the scanner can be characterized by a unique set of scale factors. Feature-oriented scanning (FOS) methodology is used as a basis for implementation of the distributed calibration permitting to exclude in situ the negative influence of thermal drift, creep and hysteresis on the obtained results. Possessing the calibration database enables correcting in one procedure all the spatial systematic distortions caused by nonlinearity, nonorthogonality and spurious crosstalk couplings of the microscope scanner piezomanipulators. To provide high precision of spatial measurements in nanometer range, the calibration is carried out using natural standards – constants of crystal lattice. One of the useful modes of the developed calibration method is a virtual mode. In the virtual mode, instead of measurement of a real surface of the standard, the calibration program makes a surface image “measurement” of the standard, which was obtained earlier using conventional raster scanning. The application of the virtual mode permits simulation of the calibration process and detail analysis of raster distortions occurring in both conventional and counter surface scanning. Moreover, the mode allows to estimate the thermal drift and the creep velocities acting while surface scanning. Virtual calibration makes possible automatic characterization of a surface by the method of scanning probe microscopy (SPM).

One major issue in the accurate solution of advection-dominated problems by means of high-order methods is the ability of the solver to maintain monotonicity. This problem is critical for spectral elements, where Gibbs oscillations may pollute the solution. However, typical filter-based stabilization techniques used with spectral elements are not monotone. In this paper, residual-based stabilization methods originally derived for finite elements are constructed and applied to high-order spectral elements. In particular, we show that the use of the variational multiscale (VMS) method greatly improves the solution of the transport-diffusion equation by reducing over- and under-shoots, and can be therefore considered an alternative to filter-based schemes. We also combine these methods with discontinuity capturing schemes (DC) to suppress oscillations that may occur in proximity of boundaries or internal layers. Additional improvement in the solution is also obtained when a method that we call FOS (for First-Order Subcells) is used in combination with VMS and DC. In the regions where discontinuities occur, FOS subdivides a spectral element of order p into p2 subcells and then uses 1st-order basis functions and integration rules on every subcell of the element. The algorithms are assessed with the solution of classical steady and transient 1D, 2D, and pseudo-3D problems using spectral elements up to order 16.