Grease
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The grease and oil trap systems (GOTS) of four university food service establishments (FSE) were assessed and treated to evaluate the potential use of the sludge collected to produce compost. The sludge collecte from each FSE was kept in... more
The grease and oil trap systems (GOTS) of four university food service establishments (FSE) were assessed and treated to evaluate the potential use of the sludge collected to produce compost. The sludge collecte from each FSE was kept in a drying bed for 30 days (SDB), during which time calcium oxide was frequently added for stabilization. The sludge deposited monthly was reduced to half after the drying process and
was then deposited in a composter and mixed for a period of 22 days with constant agitation. The compost obtained was treated with degrading enzymes and was denominated enzymatic composting (EC), while
the remaining compost was not treated with enzyme and was denominated non-enzymatic compost (NEC).
The total composting cycle of the sludge lasted 83 days, during which time various physical and chemical analyzes were conducted in the three types of substrates (SDB, NEC, and EC). The total time of the research
was 2.5 years. The percentages of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium suggest the use of the three substrates as organic fertilizer. A recommendation resulting from this research is to evaluate the sludge quality by mixing it with other substrates such as fruit peels with high nitrogen content and the sludge from wastewater treatment systems.
was then deposited in a composter and mixed for a period of 22 days with constant agitation. The compost obtained was treated with degrading enzymes and was denominated enzymatic composting (EC), while
the remaining compost was not treated with enzyme and was denominated non-enzymatic compost (NEC).
The total composting cycle of the sludge lasted 83 days, during which time various physical and chemical analyzes were conducted in the three types of substrates (SDB, NEC, and EC). The total time of the research
was 2.5 years. The percentages of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium suggest the use of the three substrates as organic fertilizer. A recommendation resulting from this research is to evaluate the sludge quality by mixing it with other substrates such as fruit peels with high nitrogen content and the sludge from wastewater treatment systems.
This work was performed in the oil extraction laboratory of the African Palm Program, of the Experimental Station “Santo Domingo” of the INIAP. The main objective was to determine the efficiency of three oil extraction equipments, in... more
This work was performed in the oil extraction laboratory of the African Palm Program, of the Experimental Station
“Santo Domingo” of the INIAP. The main objective was to determine the efficiency of three oil extraction equipments,
in three oil palm genotypes. The equipments used were Velp solvent extractor, Soxhlet extractor and a 1500 psi
hydraulic press. The genotypes evaluated are part of the germplasm bank of the Palm Program at INIAP: Elaeis
guineensis (african palm), Elaeis oleifera (american palm) and E. oleifera x E. guineensis (interspecific hybrid). The experimental
design was a complete random design (DCA), with 20 observations, followed by student’s test and Tukey
test at a 5 significance, to determine differences between treatment means. The results showed highly significant
differences between the different factors evaluated. The higher percentage of oil per bunch was obtained with the
genotype E. guineensis in the Soxhlet extractor (18.43 %) and the lowest percentage for E. oleifera with the hydraulic
press (0.34 %). The analysis of costs determined that the lowest cost was obtained with the hydraulic press with
USD 8,20 per sample.
“Santo Domingo” of the INIAP. The main objective was to determine the efficiency of three oil extraction equipments,
in three oil palm genotypes. The equipments used were Velp solvent extractor, Soxhlet extractor and a 1500 psi
hydraulic press. The genotypes evaluated are part of the germplasm bank of the Palm Program at INIAP: Elaeis
guineensis (african palm), Elaeis oleifera (american palm) and E. oleifera x E. guineensis (interspecific hybrid). The experimental
design was a complete random design (DCA), with 20 observations, followed by student’s test and Tukey
test at a 5 significance, to determine differences between treatment means. The results showed highly significant
differences between the different factors evaluated. The higher percentage of oil per bunch was obtained with the
genotype E. guineensis in the Soxhlet extractor (18.43 %) and the lowest percentage for E. oleifera with the hydraulic
press (0.34 %). The analysis of costs determined that the lowest cost was obtained with the hydraulic press with
USD 8,20 per sample.
- by Enfoque UTE and +3
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- Methods, Material, Solvent, Grease
The need for sustainable biofuels has initiated a global search for innovative technologies that can sustainably convert nonfood bioresources to liquid transportation fuels. While 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol has begun to address... more
The need for sustainable biofuels has initiated a global search for innovative technologies that can sustainably convert nonfood bioresources to liquid transportation fuels. While 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol has begun to address this challenge, other resources including yellow and brown grease are rapidly evolving commercial opportunities that are addressing regional biodiesel needs. This review examines the technical and environmental factors driving the collection of trap FOG (Fats, Oils, and Greases), its chemical composition and technologies currently available and future developments that facilitate the conversion of FOG into biodiesel.