HBsAg

Metode pemeriksaan hbsag dan Anti-hbs Yang digunakan adalah metode Immunokromatografi. Diawali dengan Pengambilan darah Vena, lalu Darah di sentrifuge sehingga Menghasilkan serum. Serum tersebut yang Digunakan dalam pemeriksaan hbsag dengan Metode Immunokromatografi. Pemeriksaan hbsag Didasarkan pada prinsip doubleantibody Sandwich Immunoassay untuk penentuan hbsag, hasil dibaca secara visual tanpa Instrumen apapun. Sedangkan, Pemeriksaan Anti-hbs didasarkan pada prinsip strip test Yang mengandung α dan β hbsab akan bereaksi Dengan α dan β hbsab dalam serum sampel Membentuk imunokompleks akan terus bermigrasi Dan terikat dengan zona kontrol membentuk dua Garis. Dua buah garis akan terlihat bila sampel Mengandung hbs.

Human immunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis B virus
(HBV) are both of great concern in Nigeria. This study was
conducted to understand the HIV and HBV prevalence among
students and staff at the University of Jos (Jos, Nigeria) through a
medical outreach program in which free screening was offered to
voluntary participants at the university. Serum samples from 180
individuals were assayed for the presence of HBV surface
antigen, HIV-1 p24 antigen, and HIV-1/2 antibodies. HIV
prevalence was 3.88% and HBV prevalence was 7.22%. In sum,
the prevalence of HBV and HIV among young Nigerian adults
reflects the need for establishment of clear health policy for this
risk group.

Jaundice is a disease that your friends diagnose. Know safety. No infection. The liver is the largest internal organ in the body. Here, there and everywhere the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is present.

It is present at high levels in many different body fluids. Hepatitis has been a major plague of mankind. The clinical signs of HBV vary widely. Most cases are asymptomatic. However, sometimes fever, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, nausea, fatigue, and other symptoms gradually appear.



Hepatitis B can cause mild illness lasting a few weeks, or it can lead to a serious, lifelong illness. The virus infects hepatic cells and causes liver tissue degeneration and release of liver associated enzymes (transaminases) into the bloodstream. This is followed by jaundice, accumulation of bilirubin (A black down product of hemoglobin) in the skin and other tissues with resulting yellow appearance

The main objective of this study was to prepare Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loaded poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA), Trimethyl chitosan (TMC) as well as TMC-coated PLGA nanoparticles and compare their efficacy as nasal vaccine. The developed formulations were characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency,mucin adsorption ability, Dentritic cells interaction, in vitro and in vivo studies. PLGA nanoparticles demonstrated negative zeta potential whereas TMC and PLGA–TMC nanoparticles showed higher positive zeta potential. Results indicated that TMC and PLGA–TMC nanoparticles demonstrated substantially higher mucin adsorption when compared to PLGA nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were nontoxic to isolated nasal epithelium. Immunogenicity increased as a function of particle size upon nasal administration. HBsAg encapsulated in PLGA–TMC particles elicited a significantly higher secretory (IgA) immune response compared to that encapsulated in PLGA and TMC particles. Similar to in vivo immune response data, fluorescent-labelled nanoparticles of smaller size are taken up more efficiently by rat alveolar macrophages compared to those of larger size. Results indicated that alum based HBsAg induced strong humoral but less mucosal immunity. However, PLGA–TMC nanoparticles induced stronger immune response at both of the fronts as compared to generated by PLGA or TMC
nanoparticles. Present study demonstrates that PLGA–TMC
nanoparticles with specific size range can be a better carrier
adjuvant for nasal subunit vaccines.

This study was designed to determine the correlation of hepatitis B virus surface Ag (HBsAg) variations with the clinical/serological pictures among chronic HBsAg positive patients. The surface gene (S-gene) was amplified and directly sequenced in twenty-five patients. Eight samples (group I) contained at least one mutation at the amino acid level. Five showed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above the normal range of which only one sample was anti-HBe positive. Group II (17 samples) did not contain any mutation, 4 were anti-HBe positive and 9 had increased ALT levels. In both groups, from a total of 18 mutations, 5 (27.5%) and 13 (72.5%) occurred in anti-HBe and HBeAg positive groups respectively. The small number of amino acid mutations might belong to either the initial phase of chronicity in our patients; or that even in anti-HBe positive phase in Iranian genotype D-infected patients, a somehow tolerant pattern due to the host genetic factors may be responsible.

Background: Hepatitis B is considered as one of the most common infectious diseases. The contamination of this virus has caused hygienic problems all over the world. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are most important consequences of this disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of infection in Tabriz North West of Iran. Materials and Methods: This study is carried out, on partial and short time basis between 2010 and 2011, on test results of 21421 examined individuals whom have visited clinics in Tabriz. HBsAg of the samples was analyzed with chemiluminescence apparatus and finally, SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical examination of the results. Results: Among 21421 examined individuals (5021 cases in 2010 and 16400 cases in 2011), 594 samples (2.77%) were reported positive and 20827 samples (97.23%) were reported negative. Conclusion: According to the results, gender was not a determining factor affecting the susceptibility of patients....

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem in Burkina Faso. To control and prevent HBV infection, Hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national expanded program in 2006. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HBsAg in children aged under 10 years after one decade of universal hepatitis B vaccination, and the immune response among these children. Methodology: Between May and October 2015, a cross-sectional study was conducted among children in two primary healthcare centers in the western region of Burkina Faso. Participants were enrolled in Accart-Ville Healthcare Center in Bobo-Dioulasso (urban area) and the Healthcare Center of the village of Djigouera (rural area). Blood samples were collected from all children and analysed for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies (Abs). For HBsAg positive children, blood samples were also taken among their mothers for screening for HBsAg. Results: A total of 265 children were included in t...

مینه و هدف: از جمله عوامل خطر ابتلای افراد به ویروس هپاتیت B حضور در مشاغل مرتبط با بهداشت و درمان است. بالا بودن خطر ابتلا به عفونت هپاتیت B  در کارکنان بهداشتی- درمانی، نسبت به افراد عادی جامعه به علت مواجهه بیشتر با بیماران آلوده به ویروس می‌باشد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین وضعیت ایمنی در مقابل ویروس عامل هپاتیت B و  فراوانی موارد مثبت HBsAg در کادر درمانی بیمارستان آموزشی-درمانی شهید بهشتی شهر یاسوج بود.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه مقطعی، توصیفی- تحلیلی با روش نمونه گیری تمام شماری بر روی 270 نفر پرسنل شاغل در بیمارستان آموزشی- درمانی شهید بهشتی وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی یاسوج در سال 1395 انجام شد. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته شامل؛ اطلاعات دموگرافیک و بررسی سوابق واکسیناسیون از آنها 5 میلی لیتر خون لخته گرفته شد.  با استفاده از کیت الایزا میزان آنتی بادی IgG اختصاصی علیه ویروس عامل هپاتیت B و ‏‎HBsAg  سرم اندازه گیری شدند. داده ها با آزمون های آماری توصیفی و مجذور کای تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها: تعداد 112 نفر (5/41 درصد) از افراد مورد مطالعه مرد و 158 نفر (5/58 درصد) زن بودند.  تعداد 7 نفر(6/2 درصد) فاقد ایمنی در مقابل ویروس عامل هپاتیت B،  68 نفر(1/25 درصد) دارای ایمنی مرزی و 195 نفر (2/72 درصد) دارای ایمنی کامل بودند.  تعداد 9 نفر(3/3درصد) مبتلا به هپاتیت B بودند. از این بین 5 نفر(6/55 درصد) زن و 4 نفر(4/44 درصد) مرد بودند. هیچ کدام  سابقه چاقی، استعمال دخانیات، رفتار پرخطر جنسی، تزریق خون و ابتلا به یرقان نداشتند.
نتیجه گیری: مطالعه حاضر نشان داد، ‏میزان فراوانی موارد مثبت ‎ HBsAg‏در محدوده مورد انتظار قرار دارد و نمونه های مورد بررسی از سطح ایمنی مطلوبی برخوردار بودند.