Herbal extract

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the anticoccidial efficacy of supplementing feeds with herbal extract blend containing garlic (Allium sativum), sage (Salvia officinalis), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) extracts in broiler chickens experimentally infected with 170.000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima and E. necatrix at 12 days of age. A total of 280 Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 7 replicates of 8 chickens per replicate. The experimental dietary treatments were formulated by supplementing the basal maize-soyabean meal diet. The experimental design allocated the groups as follows: 1. uninfected birds and an unsupplemented diet; 2. uninfected birds and the diet supplemented with the herbal extract blend at a level of 1 g/kg feed (200 mg of each herbal extract/kg); 3. infected birds and an unsupplemented diet; 4. infected birds and a diet with the addition of coccidiostat diclazuril at a level of 1 mg/kg feed; and 5. infected birds and a diet supplemented with the herbal extract blend at a level of 1 g/kg feed (200 mg of each herbal extract/kg). Throughout the 42 days of the experimental period, performance parameters, mortality, lesion score, oocyst output, and serum carotenoid concentration were recorded. Dietary supplementation with the herbal extract blend increased growth performance to the level found in the group fed the coccidiostat and in the non-challenged groups. The number of oocysts per gram of excreta did not differ significantly between the groups fed the herbal extract blend and the group receiving the coccidiostatic supplement. The herbal extract blend had no effect on mortality, lesion score, with the exception of the duodenum, or blood carotenoid concentration.

Background and Aim: The massive utilization of antibiotics has increased resistant genes produced by bacteria. Many bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant against ampicillin (AMP). The combination of an herbal extract with AMP is expected to generate synergistic effects and may restore the susceptibility of MRSA against AMP. This study aimed to analyze the potency of Sauropus androgynous extract (SAE) as a single extract and combination with AMP against MRSA.

Materials and Methods: Sauropus androgynous was extracted using 60% ethanol. SAE biochemical compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were tested against MRSA isolates to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and fractional inhibitory concentration. The inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) was analyzed using a latex agglutination test. Further, the disruptive membrane effects of SAE, AMP, and SAE+AMP were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS version 16 with p=0.01.

Results: SAE contained bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids. Further, 2 mg/mL of SAE could be used as the potential concentration against MRSA isolates in vitro. In addition, the utilization of SAE+AMP generated synergistic effects, restored the susceptibility of isolates against AMP, decreased the synthesis of PBP2a by the MRSA, and induced ultrastructural changes in the bacterial membrane.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the utilization of SAE potentially inhibits the growth of MRSA through decreasing of PBP2a expression, disruption of the MRSA membrane, while the combination of SAE+AMP showed synergistic effects against MRSA.

The aim of this study was to investigate, under conditions similar to commercial broiler production, the effect of the herbal extract blend (HE) at a quantity of 1g per kg feed (200 mg respectively of herbal extract, Allium sativum, Salvia officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare), used individually or in combination with mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; 1g per kg feed) or chitosan (3ml containing 2% deacetylated chitin per kg feed) on the performance parameters of broiler chickens, the results of the slaughter analysis, litter moisture and the number of oocysts excreted in feces. The experiment was conducted on 4,500 broiler chickens of both sexes kept in straw-bedded pens. Chickens were randomly assigned to 5 experimental treatments with 5 replicates (pens) of 180 birds. The experimental design included negative and positive (diclazuril, 1 mg per kg feed) control groups. The examined herbal extract blend used individually during natural exposure to the coccidia improved, compared to the negative control diet, the performance parameters to a greater extent than coccidiostat, lowered the litter moisture content and reduced the oocyst output. Combined dietary supplementation with a herbal extract blend of chitosan or mannan oligosaccharide did not result in further improvement.

Background and Objectives: Burns are a major global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 180,000 deaths annually. The majority of burn-related deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. Considering the importance of treating infected burn wounds with the least adverse effects, we aimed to search the literature to find new treatments for infected wounds using medicinal plants. Methods: The search process was carried out using various databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. We searched for relevant original and review articles (published in English or Persian) using the following keywords: herbal extract, herbal medicine, burn infection, and wound infection. Results: Overall, we found approximately 100 articles related to the use of medicinal plants for treatment of wounds or infections. According to these studies, main constituents of plant extracts were carvacrol, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic diterpenes, and phenolic acids. Most studies assessed the antimicrobial activity by determining minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration using the disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Given the favorable antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants, it is recommended to use them for treatment of burn wound infections.

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Saw palmetto is a species of palm used to produce a supplement that’s packed with health benefits. Promising research shows that saw palmetto may help increase testosterone levels, improve prostate health, reduce inflammation, prevent hair loss, and enhance urinary tract function.

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Lepidium meyenii, known as maca or Peruvian ginseng, is an edible herbaceous biennial plant of the family Brassicaceae that is native to South America in the high Andes mountains of Peru. It was found exclusively at the Meseta de Bombón plateau close to Lake Junin in the late 1980s.

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Common Cnidium Fruit Extract is a perennial, flowering plant native to China. The herb has been used to treat skin conditions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. In fact, it is a common ingredient in dermatological lotions, creams and ointments and can treat itchiness, rashes, eczema and ringworm.

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Fenugreek is an herb similar to clover that is native to the Mediterranean region, southern Europe, and western Asia. The seeds are used in cooking, to make medicine, or to hide the taste of other medicine. Fenugreek seeds smell and taste somewhat like maple syrup. … Fenugreek is sometimes used as a poultice.

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Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Recent research reports suggest that bitter melon extracts may ameliorate high fat diet induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in animal model.

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Tribulus terrestris is a leafy small crop. Tribulus terrestris extract is one of the most popular medicinal herb with various health benefits. This plant is also called Gokshura, caltrop, puncture vine and goat’s head. The plant grows in many areas, including parts of Africa, Middle East, Europe, and Asia. Both the fruit and root extract of the crop have been used as medicine in Indian Ayurveda medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine.