Hot water

With the ever-increasing industrialization and urbanization, huge amounts of natural resources are required to make concrete. Green concrete can provide a solution to reducing the negative impact of the concrete industry. This paper presents the results of experiments conducted to produce green structural lightweight concrete by using oil palm shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a supplementary cementing material at 30%, 50% and 70% replacement of cement, and exposed to different curing conditions. Depending on the curing condition, test results show the possibility of producing green structural lightweight aggregate concrete with 28-day compressive strength of 23-42. MPa. The strength and density of GGBFS OPS concrete decrease as the percentage replacement of GGBFS increases. Data also show that initial hot water curing significantly improve the compressive strength of oil palm shell lightweight concrete containing high volume GGBFS ...

Selection and sizing of heating and sanitary hot water solar system for a building always involves determining the optimal rate of heat provided by solar energy conversion. As this rate is higher, a greater amount of fossil fuels is saved and the pollutant emission and greenhouse gases emission decreases. But this may involve, during the summer, the producing of a quantity of heat, greater than heat demand of the building, resulting an excess of heat that involves additional energy management costs with negative impact on the annual energy efficiency of solar thermal system. In the final part of this article, it was presented a case study on the use of an solar system for indirect preparation of sanitary hot water and for supporting the space heating for a building for tourism.