Nomadic Yoruk (Yörük) culture is the reflection of Central Asian Turkish steppe culture on Anatolian land. Nomadic Yoruk groups living in Turkey in the official records essentially represents a portion of Oguz Turks. These people, who did...
moreNomadic Yoruk (Yörük) culture is the reflection of Central Asian Turkish steppe culture on Anatolian land. Nomadic Yoruk groups living in Turkey in the official records essentially represents a portion of Oguz Turks. These people, who did not belong to the raya (reaya) class in the Ottoman Empire due to the differences in their lifestyles and modes of production, were strictly separated from the reaya class since the Fatih lawbooks (Kanunnames). Yoruks, whose positions in the Ottoman social structure were specifically determined in lawbooks, did not fully comply with the resettlement policies implemented by Ottoman Empire and continued their nomadic life. After the proclamation of the Republic, Yoruks perpetuated the nomadic lifestyle which was contradictory to the modern state. Yoruks began to move to the settled life voluntarily or compulsorily due to reasons such as the resettlement laws issued by the state in order to maintain the sovereignty and control, the impact of modernity on the Yoruk lifestyle and the difficulty of this way of life. Yoruks, who are accustomed to nomadic lifestyle, lived mostly as semi-nomads at first and then settled in their places of residence.
Since their lifestyle is directly linked to the sheep farming economy, Yoruks have internalized the characteristics and way of life of settled cultural life to a greater extent due to the socio-cultural and demographic factors experienced after the 1990s when sheep farming began to decline.
This study examines the socio-cultural and economic changes of the Yoruks, who have been living in rural areas in the Western Mediterranean region in the semi-nomadic and settled life after the abandonment of the nomadic life, by using quantitative and qualitative research methods. According to the data obtained, the mental, moral and material cultural changes that occur in the educational lives, occupational choices, marriage and spouse preferences, the ways of benefiting from modern technology, forms of residence and leisure time of these groups were determined.
Keywords: Yoruks, Nomadism, Modernization, Social Change, Western Mediterranean.