Aggressive management of type 2 diabetes is necessary to achieve glycemic and nonglycemic treatment goals. Attainment of treatment goals is associated with a decreased risk of diabetes-related complications, costs, and health care... more
Aggressive management of type 2 diabetes is necessary to achieve glycemic and nonglycemic treatment goals. Attainment of treatment goals is associated with a decreased risk of diabetes-related complications, costs, and health care utilization. To review the advantages and disadvantages of different glucose-lowering agents, with an emphasis on the role of thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Diabetes has become increasingly prevalent, particularly among younger age groups in the United States, accounting for approximately 15% of health care expenditures by managed care organizations. Reducing a patient's glycated hemoglobin (A1C) has been shown to decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications, as well as reduce medical costs and health care utilization. Despite this knowledge, achievement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) goal A1C of < 7% is suboptimal, and < 1 in 10 patients also reach the ADA targets for cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein < 100 mg per dL) and bl...
Risk transfer is at the core of PPP projects, and it becomes particularly relevant when the demand risk is transferred to the concessionaire. The main purpose of this research is to analyze this topic using managed lane projects in... more
Risk transfer is at the core of PPP projects, and it becomes particularly relevant when the demand risk is transferred to the concessionaire. The main purpose of this research is to analyze this topic using managed lane projects in North Texas as casestudies. The research focuses on analyzing which risks have been transferred to the concessionaire in these projects, how they have performed over the years, and what can be learned from this experience.
Recent literature suggests a need for a more realistic representation of driver behavior. In an effort to integrate prospect theory as a potential descriptive method into traveler behavior, it is important to determine the validity of... more
Recent literature suggests a need for a more realistic representation of driver behavior. In an effort to integrate prospect theory as a potential descriptive method into traveler behavior, it is important to determine the validity of previous estimated parameters obtained from empirical studies and interviews of people who are not in the same fast-paced, dynamic, travel time disutility setting as real drivers. A genetic algorithm is used to simultaneously estimate the parameters of the cumulated prospect theory (CPT) value and weight ...
The use of Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) systems is a relatively recent control policy aiming to ameliorate traffic conditions in recurrent congested networks. This ITS strategy attracts researchers and practitioners interest, in an attempt... more
The use of Hard Shoulder Running (HSR) systems is a relatively recent control policy aiming to ameliorate traffic conditions in recurrent congested networks. This ITS strategy attracts researchers and practitioners interest, in an attempt to assess its impact on drivers’ behavior. The objective of this study is to analyze and optimize the operation of an HSR system from multiple perspectives: traffic, behavioral and economic. The analysis is performed at a freeway segment equipped with the aforementioned managed lane system between Lausanne and Geneva in Switzerland. Using traffic data collected from radar sensors, segmented/piecewise linear models are first developed to analyze free-flow or dense regimes and congested, followed by an estimation of short-term left-lane flow distribution ratio (LLFDR) models, aiming to provide timely hard shoulder activation. Ordered probit models are then specified using data collected by a road-side survey, to model the satisfaction of the freeway ...
Home to the nation’s first set of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, the congestion pricing demonstration on Interstate 15 (I-15) in San Diego, California set the bar for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) to HOT conversions and managed lanes... more
Home to the nation’s first set of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, the congestion pricing demonstration on Interstate 15 (I-15) in San Diego, California set the bar for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) to HOT conversions and managed lanes projects throughout the world. The eight-mile stretch of HOV lanes paved the way for similar projects nationwide. And later this year – leveraging on its experience – SANDAG will launch a major expansion of those managed lanes, with extensive plans for further expansions on other freeways in the San Diego region.
To determine which factors are associated with use of atomoxetine (ATX) relative to stimulant medications (STIMs) for treatment initiation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A similar exploratory analysis of... more
To determine which factors are associated with use of atomoxetine (ATX) relative to stimulant medications (STIMs) for treatment initiation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A similar exploratory analysis of the use of ATX versus STIMs in children has been published previously. This was an exploratory analysis using a retrospective observational cohort design applied to administrative pharmacy and medical claims from an integrated managed care database. Patients were identified if they had at least 1 administrative claim with a diagnosis for ADHD. Treatment .initiation. was defined as a new prescription for an ADHD medication preceded by 3 months without similar therapy. Two separate analyses were done, one comparing medication starts for ATX with those of any STIM, the other comparing starts of ATX with long-acting stimulants (LA-STIMs). Logistic regression analyses of prior-year administrative claims were used to compare the frequencies of differential...
