Managed Lanes

Aggressive management of type 2 diabetes is necessary to achieve glycemic and nonglycemic treatment goals. Attainment of treatment goals is associated with a decreased risk of diabetes-related complications, costs, and health care utilization. To review the advantages and disadvantages of different glucose-lowering agents, with an emphasis on the role of thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Diabetes has become increasingly prevalent, particularly among younger age groups in the United States, accounting for approximately 15% of health care expenditures by managed care organizations. Reducing a patient's glycated hemoglobin (A1C) has been shown to decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications, as well as reduce medical costs and health care utilization. Despite this knowledge, achievement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) goal A1C of < 7% is suboptimal, and < 1 in 10 patients also reach the ADA targets for cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein < 100 mg per dL) and bl...

Risk transfer  is at the core of  PPP  projects, and it becomes particularly relevant when the demand risk is transferred to the concessionaire. The main purpose of this research is to analyze this topic using managed lane projects in North Texas as casestudies.  The  research  focuses  on  analyzing  which  risks  have  been  transferred  to  the  concessionaire  in  these  projects,  how they have performed over the years, and what can be learned from this experience.

The report summarizes the findings from comparative studies of safety performance between two different types of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) facilities in California -continuous access versus limited access. The findings show that HOV facilities with limited access offer no safety advantages over those with continuous access, whether measured by percentage of collisions, collisions per mile, collisions per VMT, or collision severity. As part of the present research, the authors investigated the relationship between HOV design features and safety performance of HOV facilities. One key design feature is shoulder/total width. The findings indicate that maintaining adequate shoulder and total width is essential, and a quantitative estimate for the relationship between shoulder and total width versus safety performance of HOV lanes is provided. Additionally, findings from investigating other influential factors on safety performance of HOV facilities, including design features of ingress/egress section in limited access HOV facilities, congestion, High Collision Concentration Locations and etc., were also documented. While further research is needed, results to date suggest that improvements in HOV facility performance can be achieved by improved HOV facility design. 17. KEY WORDS High Occupancy Vehicle (A Comparative Safety Study of Limited versus Continuous Access High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Facilities GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS PDO Collision: Property Damage Only collision HOV Lane: High Occupancy Vehicle lane HOT Lane: High Occupancy Toll lane GP Lanes: General Purpose (GP) lanes Left Lane: General Purpose (GP) lane closest to HOV lane Ingress/Egress Area: A section of HOV lane open for exiting and entering HOVs Shoulder: Area between median and traveling lanes. There are two shoulder areas on both sides of the freeway. Since HOV lanes in California are generally on the median, the present report indicates median (i.e., inner or left) shoulder. Buffer: Pavement markings separating the HOV and GP lanes, which exist only in limited access HOV facilities. Total Width: Consists of three parts: 1) shoulder width, 2) HOV lane width, and 3) buffer width. HCCL: High Collision Concentration Location VMT: Vehicle Miles Traveled VHT: Vehicle Hours Traveled CRP: Continuous Risk Profile, a method for estimating continuous risks along a roadway. 1 ABSTRACT The report summarizes the findings from comparative studies of safety performance between two different types of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) facilities in Californiacontinuous access versus limited access. The findings show that HOV facilities with limited access offer no safety advantages over those with continuous access, whether measured by percentage of collisions, collisions per mile, collisions per VMT, or collision severity. As part of the present research, the authors investigated the relationship between HOV design features and safety performance of HOV facilities.

Transportation agencies around the nation find themselves pushing the envelope of innovation to keep up with congestion caused by exploding demand for limited roadway space. Managed lanes provide a mechanism for harnessing the potential of the current infrastructure. Special-purpose lanes, including highoccupancy vehicle (HOV) and high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, allow engineers to manipulate roadway parameters to achieve varying levels of service. Managed lanes are controlled access facilities, and must somehow be separated from general-purpose lanes. One principle question that must be asked is what type of delineation technique should be used? What are the properties of different delineators that make some more favorable than others? How do roadway characteristics, such as available width and traffic volume, factor into the choice of delineation? Much has been written on the safety and cost aspects of different delineation techniques used for HOV lanes; are these analyses applicable to other managed lanes as well? What about the other characteristics of the techniques: what are they, and how important are they to the choice of delineation? This report addresses some of these questions and sheds some light on their ultimate answers. Three basic categories of delineation exist: concrete barriers, pylon posts, and painted buffers. This research project assembled an expert panel to gather a collective knowledge of factors involved in the choice of delineation most appropriate to given scenarios. The summary of this panel's discussions, included in this report, will serve as a useful guideline for engineers looking to choose the best type of delineation for future, successful managed lane projects.

Recent literature suggests a need for a more realistic representation of driver behavior. In an effort to integrate prospect theory as a potential descriptive method into traveler behavior, it is important to determine the validity of previous estimated parameters obtained from empirical studies and interviews of people who are not in the same fast-paced, dynamic, travel time disutility setting as real drivers. A genetic algorithm is used to simultaneously estimate the parameters of the cumulated prospect theory (CPT) value and weight ...

The report summarizes the findings from comparative studies of safety performance between two different types of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) facilities in California -continuous access versus limited access. The findings show that HOV facilities with limited access offer no safety advantages over those with continuous access, whether measured by percentage of collisions, collisions per mile, collisions per VMT, or collision severity. As part of the present research, the authors investigated the relationship between HOV design features and safety performance of HOV facilities. One key design feature is shoulder/total width. The findings indicate that maintaining adequate shoulder and total width is essential, and a quantitative estimate for the relationship between shoulder and total width versus safety performance of HOV lanes is provided. Additionally, findings from investigating other influential factors on safety performance of HOV facilities, including design features of ingress/egress section in limited access HOV facilities, congestion, High Collision Concentration Locations and etc., were also documented. While further research is needed, results to date suggest that improvements in HOV facility performance can be achieved by improved HOV facility design. 17. KEY WORDS High Occupancy Vehicle (A Comparative Safety Study of Limited versus Continuous Access High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Facilities GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS PDO Collision: Property Damage Only collision HOV Lane: High Occupancy Vehicle lane HOT Lane: High Occupancy Toll lane GP Lanes: General Purpose (GP) lanes Left Lane: General Purpose (GP) lane closest to HOV lane Ingress/Egress Area: A section of HOV lane open for exiting and entering HOVs Shoulder: Area between median and traveling lanes. There are two shoulder areas on both sides of the freeway. Since HOV lanes in California are generally on the median, the present report indicates median (i.e., inner or left) shoulder. Buffer: Pavement markings separating the HOV and GP lanes, which exist only in limited access HOV facilities. Total Width: Consists of three parts: 1) shoulder width, 2) HOV lane width, and 3) buffer width. HCCL: High Collision Concentration Location VMT: Vehicle Miles Traveled VHT: Vehicle Hours Traveled CRP: Continuous Risk Profile, a method for estimating continuous risks along a roadway. 1 ABSTRACT The report summarizes the findings from comparative studies of safety performance between two different types of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) facilities in Californiacontinuous access versus limited access. The findings show that HOV facilities with limited access offer no safety advantages over those with continuous access, whether measured by percentage of collisions, collisions per mile, collisions per VMT, or collision severity. As part of the present research, the authors investigated the relationship between HOV design features and safety performance of HOV facilities.

Home to the nation’s first set of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, the congestion pricing demonstration on Interstate 15 (I-15) in San Diego, California set the bar for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) to HOT conversions and managed lanes projects throughout the world. The eight-mile stretch of HOV lanes paved the way for similar projects nationwide. And later this year – leveraging on its experience – SANDAG will launch a major expansion of those managed lanes, with extensive plans for further expansions on other freeways in the San Diego region.

To determine which factors are associated with use of atomoxetine (ATX) relative to stimulant medications (STIMs) for treatment initiation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A similar exploratory analysis of the use of ATX versus STIMs in children has been published previously. This was an exploratory analysis using a retrospective observational cohort design applied to administrative pharmacy and medical claims from an integrated managed care database. Patients were identified if they had at least 1 administrative claim with a diagnosis for ADHD. Treatment .initiation. was defined as a new prescription for an ADHD medication preceded by 3 months without similar therapy. Two separate analyses were done, one comparing medication starts for ATX with those of any STIM, the other comparing starts of ATX with long-acting stimulants (LA-STIMs). Logistic regression analyses of prior-year administrative claims were used to compare the frequencies of differential...

Managed lanes operations refer to multiple strategies for recurring congestion control by increasing the road capacity or adapting its configuration to the demand level. As a result, the evaluation of their impacts usually focuses on congestion or safety-related indicators. However, with the growing prosperity, consumers demand higher quality transport services, for which reliable transport networks are central. This paper is focused on the travel time reliability assessment of a managed lane experience from a French motorway. The paper shows results from the field test experience of the hard shoulder dynamic use on the A4-A86 motorway in the east of Paris. Further to the reliability assessment, the paper focuses on the reliability indicators. It particularly shows the weakness of the skew of the distribution of travel time indicator.