Mullerian mimicry

Three different types of vaginal outlet obstruction are described in literarture: imperforate , transversal vaginal
septum and vaginal atresia. Diagnoses were made in different age of life, from neonatal to the teenage years.
Clinical , ultrasound examinations and MRI dominated in establishing the diagnosis. Complex malformations of
female genital tract are not so common. Their correct identification is of paramount importance for appropriate
management. A thorough knowledge of embryology, pre-operative imaging with MRI and examination under
anaesthesia is essential to identify accurately the constellation of anomalies and to plan appropriate management.This case reports distal vaginal agenesis in an 13 years old girl which was managed by dissecting the lower half of vagina and pull-through vaginoplasty. Rarity and variable presentation of congenital genital tract anomalies can lead to delayed diagnosis and erroneous management. A high index of suspicion and cross-sectional imaging can help in early diagnosis. A comprehensive management is imperative to preserve the reproductive potentials, as significant proportion of patients may experience sexual difficulties, menstrual irregularity, and infertility.
Keywords: Vagina, Hematocolpos, Hematometra, Imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, urogenital sinus, Müllerian anomalies, vaginal atresia

The selective advantage of Müllerian mimicry in nature was investigated by releasing live mimetic and nonmimetic butterflies close to wild, aerial-hunting tropical kingbirds (Tyrannus melancholicus) and cliff-flycatchers (Hirundinea ferruginea) in three Amazon habitats (rain forest, a city, and “canga” vegetation). Only mimetic butterflies elicited sight-rejections by birds, but protection conferred by mimicry was restricted to sites in which both predators and mimics co-occurred, as in the case of six mimicry rings at a forest site and two at a city site. Most other Müllerian mimics released at city and canga vegetation were heavily attacked and consumed by birds. These results appear to reflect the birds’previous experiences with resident butterfly faunas and illustrate how birds’discriminatory behavior varied among habitats that differed in butterfly species and mimicry ring composition.