This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard and nonstandard meanings when Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use them in radiotelephony. A collection of Cockpit Voice Recorder or... more
This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard and nonstandard meanings when Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use them in radiotelephony. A collection of Cockpit Voice Recorder or Quick Access Recorder transcripts with 26,421 words from the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and from International Airlines’ accessible transcripts has been the primary data for scrutiny. Through a corpus-based analysis and a survey research, the present study reveals that the lexical items go ahead, hold short, priority, and affirm are used sporadically in nonstandard ways that might lead to ambiguity, and thus posing potential errors. In the survey conducted for Pilots and ATCs, both affirm the occurrence of nonstandard use in Aviation Phraseology. ATCs assert that the nonstandard use of such lexical items frequently occur during Route or En-route Clearance while Pilots confirm that these transpire during Takeoff Clearance, Alti...
This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard and nonstandard meanings when Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use them in radiotelephony. A collection of Cockpit Voice Recorder or... more
This study aims at investigating the lexical items in Aviation Phraseology that has both standard and nonstandard meanings when Pilot and Air Traffic Controller (ATC) use them in radiotelephony. A collection of Cockpit Voice Recorder or Quick Access Recorder transcripts with 26,421 words from the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and from International Airlines’ accessible transcripts has been the primary data for scrutiny. Through a corpus-based analysis and a survey research, the present study reveals that the lexical items go ahead, hold short, priority, and affirm are used sporadically in nonstandard ways that might lead to ambiguity, and thus posing potential errors. In the survey conducted for Pilots and ATCs, both affirm the occurrence of nonstandard use in Aviation Phraseology. ATCs assert that the nonstandard use of such lexical items frequently occur during Route or En-route Clearance while Pilots confirm that these transpire during Takeoff Clearance, Altitude Clearance, Approach Clearance, and Landing Clearance. Precisely, the nonstandard use of Aviation Phraseology in this study shows nonconformity in the efforts of the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide “maximum clarity, brevity, and unambiguity”. Furthermore, awareness of this phenomenon must be heightened among aviation students who are future aeronautical professionals in the field.
Hong Kong's building density is one of the highest in the world. Since ventilation is a key element in sustainable and environmental design, there is a need to evaluate local wind environments of high dense cities such as Hong Kong. In... more
Hong Kong's building density is one of the highest in the world. Since ventilation is a key element in sustainable and environmental design, there is a need to evaluate local wind environments of high dense cities such as Hong Kong. In recent years non-standard curvilinear residential buildings that don't follow conventional rectilinear block structures are becoming increasingly more popular. Though various studies of ventilation conditions of conventionally design buildings have been made, research of non-standard curvilinear building layouts is still limited. Previous research mainly explored rectilinear block-shaped layouts that typically cause a so called 'Wall-Effect' by blocking adequate ventilation on street-and mid-levels around buildings. Our paper presents and summarizes the analysis of airflow and ventilation of non-standard curvilinear buildings based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The Flow Simulation of Solidworks has been used as our analysis software tools. Its technology is based upon the use of Cartesian-based meshes and solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Nonstandard and curvilinear shaped building arrangements are categorized into various groups and analyzed in respect to their performance of ventilation on street and mid-levels using a case study of high rise buildings in Sha Tin, Hong Kong. Hong Kong's climate is subtropical warm and humid in summer, subsequently a higher ventilation is needed and building design has to accommodate good airflow around the buildings. Our findings show that curvilinear buildings lead to a more favourable ventilation environment since they have a smaller wind resistance. Non-standard curvilinear designs perform better in terms of general ventilation since the airflow around the buildings is faster and less turbulent. Our simulations present that convex-shaped buildings have a better overall wind environment than concave-shaped ones. We conclude our paper with a classification of various nonstandard curvilinear buildings that offer a general better airflow and ventilation due to their shape. This classification allows designer to understand quickly wind resistance, airflow, and turbulences that a non-standard curvilinear design has on the immediate environment.
Hong Kong's building density is one of the highest in the world. Since ventilation is a key element in sustainable and environmental design, there is a need to evaluate local wind environments of high dense cities such as Hong Kong.... more
Hong Kong's building density is one of the highest in the world. Since ventilation is a key element in sustainable and environmental design, there is a need to evaluate local wind environments of high dense cities such as Hong Kong. In recent years non-standard curvilinear residential buildings that don't follow conventional rectilinear block structures are becoming increasingly more popular. Though various studies of ventilation conditions of conventionally design buildings have been made, research of non-standard curvilinear building layouts is still limited. Previous research mainly explored rectilinear block-shaped layouts that typically cause a so called 'Wall-Effect' by blocking adequate ventilation on street- and mid-levels around buildings. Our paper presents and summarizes the analysis of airflow and ventilation of non-standard curvilinear buildings based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The Flow Simulation of Solidworks has been used as ou...
Abstract. Multi-resolution analysis and numerical precision problems are very important subjects in fields like image analysis or geometrical modeling. In the continuation of our previous works, we propose to apply the method of... more
Abstract. Multi-resolution analysis and numerical precision problems are very important subjects in fields like image analysis or geometrical modeling. In the continuation of our previous works, we propose to apply the method of Ω-arithmetization to ellipses. We obtain a discrete multi-resolution representation of arcs of ellipses. The corresponding algorithms are completely constructive and thus, can be exactly translated into functional computer programs. Moreover, we give a global condition for the connectivity of the discrete curves generated by the method at every scale.
Should the informal and nonstandard English (INE) be included in the English language teaching? The straightforward answer is YES. Among the receptive and productive aspects of the language, listening is the most occurred event while... more
Should the informal and nonstandard English (INE) be included in the English language teaching? The straightforward answer is YES.
Among the receptive and productive aspects of the language, listening is the most occurred event while the INE is used in just about every instance of oral communication in the everyday life. Thus, without knowing the INE version, any person fails to comprehend what is spoken to them and therefore to effectively communicate. Accordingly, it is absolutely important to include the INE in the ELT.
It is not that, to learn the INE, the learners must have a higher proficiency level. But the level is the same level in which the students learn the relevant standard version. It is the best idea to teach it in a class separately scheduled to teach this topic only. And the educators must inform the students that they must not use it in the written English, that they are not required to speak it, and that all they need is to understand it.
The ultimate conclusion is that, if the goal of the ELT is to enable the students to communicate effectively, the teachers must teach the INE.
