Pancreatic Disease

Background In the last decades, the attention to Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMNs) has risen due to the increase of their incidental diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which factors influenced survival in population affected by intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Methods A retrospective study on a prospective database of 357 patients observed at our Institute from January 2007 to December 2016 was conducted. Pre-, intra-and postoperative data were collected. Patients managed conservatively were compared with those who underwent surgery as regards demographic, clinical data, radiological work up, features of the cysts and overall and disease specific survival. Multivariate analyses were carried out in order to assess factors related to patient's management as well as those related to overall survival. Results Multivariate analysis showed that the factors strongly related to surgery were: site (tail of the pancreas-OR 4.48; P=0.011), presence of mural nodules (OR 15.39; P<0.001), Wirsung duct size >5 mm (OR 8.55; P<0.001), Wirsung duct size ≥ 10 mm (OR 133.75; P<0.001), positive citology (OR 19.81; P=0.008) and acute pancreatitis (OR 16.7; P<0.001); conversely, age was independently related to the follow up strategy (OR 0.93; P=0.001). Furthermore, parameters that significantly influenced overall survival were: age (HR 1.07; P<0.001), jaundice (HR 7.67; P<0.001) and the presence of mural nodules (HR 2.03; P=0.019). Conclusions Despite the limitations of the study, the main factors related to OS in our experience were age, jaundice and the presence of mural nodules within the cyst.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level raises that can result in severe complications. However, the incidence increased mostly by obesity, pregnancy, persistent corpus luteum, and diestrus phase in humans and animals. This review has focused on addressing the possible understanding and pathogenesis of spontaneous DM in canine, feline, and few wild animals. Furthermore, pancreatic associated disorders, diabetic ketoacidosis, hormonal and drug interaction with diabetes, and herbal remedies associated with DM are elucidated. Bibliographic search for the present review was done using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles on concurrent DM in small and wild animals. Persistent corpus luteal and pseudopregnancy in female dogs generate gestational DM (GDM). GDM can also be caused by extensive use of drugs/hormones such as glucocorticosteroids. Although many similarities are present between diabetic cats and diabetic humans which present islet amyloidosis, there was a progressive loss of β- and α-cells and the normal number of δ-cells. The most prominent similarity is the occurrence of islet amyloidosis in all cases of diabetic cat and over 90% of human non-insulin dependent DM Type-2. Acute pancreatic necrosis (APN) occurs due to predisposing factors such as insulin antagonism, insulin resistance, alteration in glucose tolerance, obesity, hyperadrenocorticism, and persistent usage of glucocorticoids, as these play a vital role in the progression of APN. To manage such conditions, it is important to deal with the etiological agent, risk factors, diagnosis of diabetes, and hormonal and drug interaction along with its termination with suitable therapy (herbal) protocols. It should be noted that the protocols used for the diagnosis and treatment of human DM are not appropriate for animals. Further investigations regarding diabetic conditions of pets and wild animals are required, which will benefit the health status of all animals health worldwide.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level raises that can result in severe complications. However, the incidence increased mostly by obesity, pregnancy, persistent corpus luteum, and diestrus phase in humans and animals. This review has focused on addressing the possible understanding and pathogenesis of spontaneous DM in canine, feline, and few wild animals. Furthermore, pancreatic associated disorders, diabetic ketoacidosis, hormonal and drug interaction with diabetes, and herbal remedies associated with DM are elucidated. Bibliographic search for the present review was done using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles on concurrent DM in small and wild animals. Persistent corpus luteal and pseudopregnancy in female dogs generate gestational DM (GDM). GDM can also be caused by extensive use of drugs/hormones such as glucocorticosteroids. Although many similarities are present between diabetic cats and diabetic humans which present...