Patera

In the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia there were found six intact or fragmented 1st century AD bronze pateras of types Eggers 154–155, one separate handle, one separate foot, as well as one patera medallion in secondary use. They are are discussed in detail in this article with the involvement of also rare finds of Roman bronze pateras from the Dnieper region, South-Western Crimea, the territory of the Bosporan kingdom and the Kuban /Transkuban areas. Noteworthy are the rare examples of the transitional type from Eggers 154 (Hagenow) to Eggers 155 (Millingen). Many pateras have lost their handles or part of their feet. The patches fixed with rivets have been preserved on the pateras from the Lower Don and South Urals.
If bronze amphorae, basins, ladles, casserolles and hammered jugs in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia were found more or less frequently in the same burials, then bronze pateras fall out of the typical raster of mutual occurrence. The small number of finds does not provide grounds for their correlation with male or female burials – they are known in both. In Sarmatia there is no connection between the finds of pateras and oinochoai, which not only in the Roman Empire and the European barbaricum, but also in the necropoleis of the South-Western Crimea and the Bosporan Kingdom were found in the same complexes as part of one set.
In general, it is obvious that pateras belong to a relatively rare category of imported Roman bronze vessels in Asian Sarmatia (comparable in number to amphorae) and began to to be distributed here already in the first half of the 1st century AD. These vessels were valued, among other things, because in a number of cases they are represented by luxurious specimens inlaid with silver and decorated with figural medallions. They were repaired, and the medallions of such pateras were reused. If the finds of the earlier pateras of the Eggers 154 type are concentrated in the Lower Don region, then the later pateras of the Eggers 155 type were spread in the Lower Volga region and even in South Urals. At the same time, there are no reliable finds that could be unequivocally attributed to the Eggers 154 pateras in the cities of the North Pontic area – on the contrary, Eggers 155 pateras became widespread here.

The publication is dedicated to a bronze vessel found in a robbed burial of the second half of the 4th century BCE in the Burial-mound no. 1 of the Chastye Kurgany group on the outskirts of Voronezh, excavated by the Voronezh Scientific Archive Commission in 1910. A vessel with a handle attachment in form of a mask under the edge on the outside and a gorgoneion-medallion at the bottom inside is a patera with a handle lost in antiquity. Such pateras with similarly shaped edges of the bowl and handles ending in a ram's head are known after a very small number of finds of the second half of the 4th century BCE almost all of which come from Macedonia and Thrace. Given the fact that lion's paws are depicted on the sides of the neck of the person shown on the mask, there is every reason for its attribution as the head of Herakles. A similar iconography is typical for vessel attachments from Northern Greece. The treatment of hair strands, in particular symmetrical curls over the forehead (anastole / ἀναστολή), resembles the hairstyle in the portraits of Alexander the Great and imitations of them. Taking into account this observation, it is hardly possible to date the patera from Chastye kurgans earlier than the last quarter of the 4th century BCE. In the North Pontic region, bronze vessels of this shape have not yet been known, despite the fact that the finds of bronze vessels of the Macedonian-Thracian circle of the 4th century BCE are represented both in Scythia and in the Bosporus. Taking into account the known finds of bronze vessels of the Macedonian types at the Elizavetinskoe fortified settlement and in its necropolis at the mouth of the Don, it can be assumed that such vessels could have reached the Middle Don in this way. At the same time, given the relative rarity of bronze (silver) pateras in Macedonia and Thrace in the second half of the 4th — early 3rd century BCE and their finds in very rich complexes, including in the royal burials in Vergina and Golyamata Kosmatka, one cannot exclude the possibility of a different way for the patera from Chastye Barrows. In Macedonia and Thrace, such pateras, together with the oinochoai, were part of the banquet sets, therefore, in this case, the patera, which, perhaps, originally had a pair (oinochoe) could also be a diplomatic gift. In any case, the patera from Chastye Burial-mounds fits into the circle of finds of Thracian horse-bridle pieces and Thracian and Macedonian toreutics found in the burials of the Scythian nobility in the Middle Don region.

There are two bronze situlae, one bronze patera, one bronze askos, one bronze thymiaterion, one bronze vase, one silver strainer, one silver kylix and one furniture leg piece are included to the group of finds from Bolu-Göynük / Bilecik Yenipazar which is actually subject of this paper. The group was brought to the Istanbul Archaeological Museums in 1900 from the city of Bolu, Göynük, Kisra village and was included by purchasing to the Metals Objects Collection of the Museum. These objects were registered to the collection with 1415-1426 inventory numbers. They are symposion objects and all of these objects dated to the same period. It thought that these might be from a tumulus and then they were put together and displayed in the exhibiton which was named “The Neighbourhood of Istanbul: Thrakia, Bithynia, Byzantine” in 1998. The finds from Bolu Göynük, are dated to second half of the 4th century BC.

Resumen:
Los titulares de prensa, radio y televisión seleccionados en este artículo, que corresponden a noticias españolas del trienio 2009-2012, han sido estudiados mediante el análisis cualitativo yreafirman que los últimos documentos legislativos europeos (2010-2012) sobre la migración infantil -donde se proponen iniciativas para ‘salvaguardar los derechos del niño’-no dan respuesta a lo que en Europa se considera ‘la problemática de los menores migrantes’, ni tampoco consiguen frenar las expediciones clandestinas, tal y como constatanlos testimonios de un centenar de menores africanos que han llegado en pateras o cayucos a las costas canarias en los últimos seis años.

Abstract:
Headlines of press, radio and television selected in this article, which correspond to Spanish news about the triennium 2009-2012, have been studied by means of a qualitative analysis and reaffirm that the last European legislative documents (2010-2012) on the infantile migration – where initiatives are proposed ‘to safeguard the rights of the child ’-do not give answer to what in Europe is considered to be ‘the problems of the least migrants’. They do not manage to brake the clandestine expeditions, as states the testimonies of a hundred of African minors who have come in boats or small Indian canoes to the Canary coasts in the last six years.

ABSTRACT: This study discusses the terracotta patera/tagenon with a ram’s head handle that was found during the 2009 excavations in the Granarium at Andriake, which is a port settlement in Myra. The Andriake patera/tagenon was produced as a terracotta imitation made of a metal-like material. Pateras are thought to have been used for hand washing rituals before and after meals together with pitchers. However, some researchers also suggest that these artefacts were also used as pans. The Andriake patera/tagenon may have been used for both purposes. Analogies with objects similar to the Andriake patera/tagenon suggest that they date back to 1st-2nd century CE. The clay and slip characteristics of the artefact analyzed in this study are not similar to those of its close parallels and other patera examples, but the site of the production of the Andriake patera/tagenon is still not certain.
Keywords: Myra (Lycia), Port of Andriake, Roman Period, Patera, Tagenon

Se analiza la pátera de plata hallada en Otañes como testimonio de un santuario acuático que pudo haber estado localizado en el territorio de Flaviobriga y, más exactamente, en las proximidades de la vía romana que desde Pisoraca facilitaba el acceso a esta ciudad portuaria
del litoral cantábrico.

Palabras clave: Pátera, Flaviobriga, Salus, santuario, culto acuático, vía romana.

The patera of silver that was found in Otañes is analysed as an evidence of an aquatic sanctuary that could have been located in the territory of Flaviobriga and, more precisely, near the Roman route that from Pisoraca facilitated the access to this port city of the Cantabrian coast.

Key words: Patera, Flaviobriga, Salus, sanctuary, aquatic worship, Roman route.

Analisa-se a problemática em torno da proveniência da pátera com a figura de um guerreiro (CIL II 2373). Propõe-se que, atendendo ao ambiente desses meados do século XIX e tendo em conta o comércio de antiguidades romanas que a descoberta de Pompeia veio favorecer, a pátera terá vindo de Roma ou de Pompeia. Quanto à epígrafe, retoma-se a leitura considerada a mais óbvia, subentendendo-se o nome da divindade (Marte), por estar devidamente representada. O dedicante é um liberto que se identifica segundo as normas, sendo incomum o seu cognomen etimologicamente grego, Saurus.
The author explains the various interpretations of the text insert in one roman silver patera, where the god Mars is engraved (CIL II 2373). Face to the enthusiasm that the excavations in Pompei’s site provoked, the archaeological artefacts’ commerce was very important in this middle of XIXth century; so it’s possible that this patera came from Rome or Pompei. It’s a gift to roman Mars done by an Cimber’s freedman, Sextus Arquius Saurus.