The increasing fossil fuel prices due to demand for electricity and increasing environmental changes have revitalized the idea to move towards the renewable energy sources. The solar photovoltaic module is one of the most sustainable and... more
The increasing fossil fuel prices due to demand for electricity and increasing environmental changes have revitalized the idea to move towards the renewable energy sources. The solar photovoltaic module is one of the most sustainable and effective system. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells can absorb only 70-80% incident solar radiations however only small amount of this incident energy converted into electricity. The remainder energy increases the temperature of PV cell. When the temperature of a PV increases, electrical efficiency of PV system decreases. The current review and study focus the use of Phase Change Material (PCM) with different combinations and configurations for improving electrical and thermal performance of system. Using Phase Change Material (PCM) as passive method of cooling is one of the most challenges tools to reduce and regulate the temperature of PV panel. In this paper overview of some systems like PV-PCM, PV-Combined PCM, PV-PCM-thermoelectric (TE), concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV)-PCM are well discussed. The PCM cooling gives measurable temperature drop of PV panel and then proportionally increases in electrical efficiency. Future areas and scope of PV-PCM research also discussed in this paper.
Abstrak Percobaan yang penulis lakukan kali ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan hambat dalam amperemeter dan hambatan dalam voltmeter,mengenal cara mengubah batas ukur amperemeter, mengenal cara mengubah batas ukur voltmeter, dan... more
Abstrak Percobaan yang penulis lakukan kali ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan hambat dalam amperemeter dan hambatan dalam voltmeter,mengenal cara mengubah batas ukur amperemeter, mengenal cara mengubah batas ukur voltmeter, dan mengukur hambatan Rx. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menyusun rangkaian terlebih dahulu lalu diuji menggunakan amperemeter dan voltmeter. Abstract The experiment that I conducted this time was carried out with the aim of determining the resistor in amperemeter and the resistance in a voltmeter, knowing how to change the ammeter measurement limit, knowing how to change the voltmeter measurement limit, and measuring the resistance Rx. The method used is to first arrange the circuit and then tested using an ammeter and voltmeter.
Obtaining three-dimensional geometrical data of vascular systems is of major importance to a number of research areas in medicine and biology. Examples are the characterization of tumor vasculature, modeling blood flow, or genetic effects... more
Obtaining three-dimensional geometrical data of vascular systems is of major importance to a number of research areas in medicine and biology. Examples are the characterization of tumor vasculature, modeling blood flow, or genetic effects on vascular development. The performance of the General Electric Medical Systems MS8 microCT scanner is examined in the context of these applications. The system is designed to acquire high-resolution images of specimens up to 5 cm in diameter. A maximum resolution of 38 lp/mm at the 10% modulation transfer function level or 22 m full width at half maximum of the plane spread function can be achieved with 8.5 m voxels and a 17 mm field of view. Three different contrast agents are discussed and applied for imaging of small animal vasculature: corrosion casting material Batson's No. 17 with an added lead pigment, silicon rubber MICROFIL MV122, and a suspension of barium sulfate Baritop in gelatin. Contrast for all of these agents was highly variable in different vessels as well as within the same vessel. Imaging of PMMA tubing filled with MICROFIL shows that even vessels below 20 m in diameter are detectable and that diameter estimation of vessels based on thresholding is possible with a precision of 2–3 pixels.
Humans are without any doubts the prototypical example of agents that can hold rational beliefs and can show rational behavior. If an AGI system is intended to model the full breadth of human-level intelligence, it is reasonable to take... more
Humans are without any doubts the prototypical example of agents that can hold rational beliefs and can show rational behavior. If an AGI system is intended to model the full breadth of human-level intelligence, it is reasonable to take the remarkable abilities of humans into account with respect to rational behavior, but also the apparent deficiencies of humans in certain rationality tasks. Based on well-known challenges for human rationality (Wason-Selection task and Tversky & Kahneman’s Linda problem) we propose that rational belief of humans is based on cognitive mechanisms like analogy making and coherence maximization of the background theory. The analogy making framework Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP) can be used for implementing these cognitive mechanisms.
Humans are without any doubts the prototypical example of agents that can hold rational beliefs and can show rational behavior. If an AGI system is intended to model the full breadth of human-level intelligence, it is reasonable to take... more
Humans are without any doubts the prototypical example of agents that can hold rational beliefs and can show rational behavior. If an AGI system is intended to model the full breadth of human-level intelligence, it is reasonable to take the remarkable abilities of humans into account with respect to rational behavior, but also the apparent deficiencies of humans in certain rationality tasks. Based on well-known challenges for human rationality (Wason-Selection task and Tversky & Kahneman’s Linda problem) we propose that rational belief of humans is based on cognitive mechanisms like analogy making and coherence maximization of the background theory. The analogy making framework Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP) can be used for implementing these cognitive mechanisms.
