Polycystic ovarian disease

"Despite the implication of the name, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects not merely the
ovaries, but endocrine system function, psychological health, psychosocial and psychosexual development throughout the lifespan. Up to 10% of pre-menopausal women meet the diagnostic criteria for PCOS, making it the most prevalent endocrine disorder for this population. Common features of PCOS include: polycystic ovaries, irregular or absent ovulation, disruption of the menstrual cycle, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and central obesity. A review of extant literature reveals that as many as 50% of women with PCOS also meet the diagnostic criteria for a mood or anxiety disorder, with a strong correlation between PCOS and bipolar disorder. While such correlation does not equate to causality, some studies suggest that disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes might be the common etiology between the physical manifestations of PCOS and the decreased psychological wellbeing experienced by women with PCOS. Hyperandrogenism is a particular source of concern in psychosocial and gender identity development. Some studies show a significantly higher prevalence of PCOS among lesbian women and female-to-male transsexuals compared to the general population, while heterosexual women with PCOS frequently report feeling “different” or “less feminine” due to hyperandrogenism and infertility. Researchers recommend implementing routine screening of women with PCOS for psychological disorders, and conversely, screening of women with mood disorders for reproductive endocrinological dysfunction."

Background: In patients with epilepsy polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome has been reported to be associated with the use of the anticonvulsant sodium valproate. Whether PCO syndrome is associated with valproate use in patients with bipolar disorder is not adequately explored.
Method: 76 female outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder between the ages of 18 and 45 years and who were taking monotherpy with valproate 38, lithium 18, oxcarbazepine 14 and lamotrigine 6 were evaluated. Patients completed questionnaires about their medical, psychiatric, and reproductive health histories and body mass indices were calculated. In the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, women were examined for hirsutism, given a transvaginal ultrasound, and assessed serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
Results: 50% of females receiving valproate exhibited menstrual irregularities and polycystic ovaries. Only 7.9% receiving valproate had features of PCOS. Out of 4 cases of PCOS three were (75%) in the valproate group and one was in oxcarbazepine/lamotrigine group. Serum testosterone level was also high in vaproate group. Commonest menstrual problem in the valproate group was irregular menstrual cycle (34.2%) followed by amenorrhea (23.7%) and oligomenorrhea (21%). 45% patients receiving oxcarbazepine/ lamotrigine exhibited irregular menstrual cycle, 20% oligomenorrhea and 15% amenorrhea. Lithium group had lesser frequency of these symptoms. Comparison of individual menstrual problems showed menorhagia higher in the valproate group. In the valproate group 3 patients had menstrual abnormalities before initiation of medication for bipolar disorder. Serum testosterone level was significantly higher and FSH was lower in the valproate group.
Conclusion: In this study of bipolar patients, PCO-like changes were common in women receiving valproate though there was no significant difference compared to other mood stabilizers. Independent of the therapeutic agent used, the bipolar women in this study reported high rates of menstrual disturbances, hormonal disturbances and PCOD suggesting that the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be compromised in some women with bipolar disorder.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare cyclic premenstrual allergic reaction to progesterone produced during the luteal phase of a woman's menstrual cycle. Patients present with a variety of conditions including erythema multiforme, eczema, urticaria, angioedema, and progesterone-induced anaphylaxis. A thirty-seven-year-old female anesthesiologist reported erythema multiforme and urticarial rash prior to her menses for last five cycles. She was treated effectively with oral antihistaminic and life style modifications.

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is a common condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities and clinical or biochemical features
of hyperandrogenism. Features of PCOS may manifest at any age, ranging from childhood (premature puberty), teenage years (hirsutism,
menstrual irregularities), early adulthood and middle life (infertility, glucose intolerance) to later life (diabetes mellitus and
cardiovascular disease). Cutaneous manifestations of PCOS are protean and include hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia and acanthosis
nigricans. Treatment of cutaneous manifestations of PCOS requires a coordinated team approach. A combination of drug therapy,
counseling and cosmetic procedures can maximize the results.

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety effect of Ovaryl tablet a marketed herbal formulation of Mercury Laboratories Ltd., in Poly cystic Ovarian Syndrome. Methods: 58 women patients’ age range between 20 to 40 years, suffering from Poly cystic Ovarian Syndrome symptoms like hirsutism, irregular periods, ovulation, volume of ovary, weight and serum insulin levels. Results: A significant improvement was observed in clinical symptoms like hirsutism, irregular periods and ovulation after MOT medication.Laboratory investigation showed decrease in Serum Insulin levels. A minimum decrease of 2.87% and 36.73% maximum decrease of serum insulin levels were observed on 90th day of MOT treatment. 22.06% maximum and 1.55% minimum decrease of ovary volume in Right Ovary. 24.39% maximum and 1.37% minimum decrease of ovary volume in Left Ovary was observed. Upper Abdomen USG was normal in all the 58 patients, no cyst was reported. Conclusion: Poly cystic Ovarian Syndrome symptoms...

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety effect of Ovoutoline Forte tablet a marketed herbal formulation of Emami Limited, in Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB). Methods: 57 women patients' age range between 20 to 40 years, suffering from Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding symptoms like mid cycle bleeding, late cycle bleeding and irregular periods. Results: 100%, 96.49% and 94.74% improvement was observed in patients with DUB symptoms like mid cycle bleeding, late cycle bleeding and irregular periods after ZOFT medication respectively. Upper Abdomen USG was normal in all the 57 patients, no uterine fibroids was reported. Conclusion: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding symptoms like mid cycle bleeding, late cycle bleeding and irregular periods were taken care off.

Butylparaben is used as a preservative in some foods, cosmetics, personal care products, household products and drug formulations and is widely used by manufacturing companies for its low cost and efficiency as a microbial agent. Butylparaben is of growing concern as recent studies have revealed that it mimics estrogen activity in in vitro and in vivo studies and thereby acting as a potent xenoestrogen. Exposure to chemicals showing estrogenic property is found to affect follicular population in ovary. In the present study sensitivity of butylparaben exposure on ovarian follicular population of immature 28 days old female C3H mice and adult female C3H mice of 8 weeks of age was analysed for three different doses of Butylparaben of 10 mg/Kg body weight/day, 50 mg/Kg body weight/day and 100 mg/Kg body weight/day. In this study olive oil was considered as control and 17β Estradiol as positive control. The mice were subcutaneously exposed to the chemical for 30 days following which they are sacrificed and 6 μm thick section of each ovary was prepared stained in hematoxylin and eosin. Every 12th and 20th section was examined for counting smaller follicles and larger follicles respectively. The results of butylparaben exposure showed fewer primary follicles and atretic follicles similar to the results obtained following mice exposed to 17β Estradiol. Thus the data obtained from the present study reveals the estrogenic nature of butylparaben and increases concern over the wide use of the chemical in human.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of the child-bearing age. Likewise, women with PCOS are more likely to be obese or overweight, which may be due to their higher Insulin resistance and TSH levels. Aim: The study's objectives were to assess the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in infertile PCOS, distribution of insulin resistant in PCOS women with subclinical hypothyroidism, and the efficacy of Metformin treatment in these women. Methods: It was a single-center study which included all infertile patients who visited the Original Research Article