Postwar

Resumen
El presente artículo analiza la sociedad japonesa de posguerra a través del yakuza-eiga de Kinji Fukasaku. En concreto, este artículo se centra en la saga Batallas sin honor ni humanidad, que narra la ascensión de un ex soldado en una familia mafiosa de la ciudad de Kure. La saga se inicia al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, haciendo avanzar sus tramas hasta inicios de la década de los 70. Batallas sin honor ni humanidad es la visión de un director que vivió la posguerra y que pudo observar cómo la sociedad japonesa se transformó desde el fin de la guerra, en 1945, hasta el presente. Para explicar su postura, Fukasaku centra la saga en la lucha que se produce en los bajos fondos de la Prefectura de Hiroshima, donde varias familias de la yakuza peleaban por el territorio. A través de esa batalla criminal, Kinji Fukasaku expone los avances y contradicciones de un país en reconstrucción.

The Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant uprisings in July 1964 were weeklong upheavals in New York City, the first of the 1960s urban black rebellions. New York’s uprisings inaugurated a new phase of American urban history that permanently reshaped race relations throughout the United States. Within days, similar explosions began in cities around the country and would continue through the summer; literally hundreds would come over the decade. During that period, tension increasingly filled the American social atmosphere every summer, with newspapers, politicians and people on the street wondering where and how destructive the next rebellion would be. At the local level, New York’s uprisings were indicative of the city’s profound, chronic unwillingness to attend to the most basic matters of civil rights.

From the end of World War II through the 1964 rebellions, the New York City government professed great regard for civil rights and had a reputation as one of the most liberal, cosmopolitan cities in the country. Its black residents, however, faced pervasive economic and social segregation and discrimination, despite notable advances in national civil rights legislation. In nearly every measurable way, black people in New York were worse off than they were twenty years earlier. School segregation had increased, both in terms of quantity and its deleterious effects, housing segregation was more pronounced, unemployment had become more deep-seated and racial economic disparity had widened. Momentous achievements such as the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 left black New Yorkers’ lives largely untouched.

This situation presents one of the most clearly contrasted examples of the difficulty in fighting northern de facto segregation: black New Yorkers had plenty of laws on their side, but few people in power willing or able to enforce them. Politicians and bureaucrats steadfastly frustrated civil rights activists through a combination of stonewalling, passing responsibility and making empty promises. While the city presented a progressive face to the world, it was, in practice, no more willing to meet civil rights demands than any southern city. It succeeded in creating a generation of black youth that was much less willing to accept the city’s glacial pace approach toward these matters than its parents’ generation was. From 1945 through 1964, the city government had changed little, but that failure to evolve had deeply affected the attitudes of its large young black population toward the government and its various appendages.

My dissertation examines the construction, instrumentalization, and institutionalization of a homogenized "master narrative" of "flight and expulsion" in West Germany between 1945 and 1990. I argue that expellee groups, historians, and politicians cemented a victimhood narrative and idealized past that emphasized German suffering and Soviet barbarity in museums, literature, and the media in order to underpin arguments for social, material, and political claims. In this manner, the expellee organizations fashioned a central concept of "flight and expulsion" and colonized public debates for decades, leaving a lasting impact on how contemporary Germany remembers the war and the integration of 10-12 million refugees. By examining the trajectory of the expulsion narrative, I seek to show the layering of memory, how it was used over time, and the defining impact that this victimhood discourse has had on German public memory and academic interpretation of the ...

El presente trabajo trata acerca de las implicaciones que tuvo la introducción de la hamaca en el libro Mechanization Takes Command de Sigfried Giedion como parte del desarrollo del mobiliario doméstico moderno, bajo la hipótesis de que este artefacto de origen tropical no solo resultó clave para la caracterización que Giedion propuso para la domesticidad moderna, sino también para la introducción de unos modos de vida caracterizados por la flexibilidad, movilidad y vida en exteriores. Continuidades entre un objeto ‘anónimo’ y la esfera del diseño moderno, que en Giedion además habría funcionado como un medio a través del cual poder restituir la unidad entre pensamiento y sentimiento, así como las incertidumbres que arrojó la posguerra sobre el rol de la técnica.


This paper discusses about the implications that had the introduction of the hammock in the Gideon's book Mechanization Takes Command, as part of the develop-  ment of modern home furnishings. Under the assumption that this tropical artifact was the key not only for Giedion characterization for modern domesticity, but also for the introduction of a lifestyle characterized by flexibility, mobility and life outdoor. Continuities between an ‘anonymous’ object like that, and the sphere of modern design, where also have functioned as a medium through which to restore the unity between thought and feeling, as well as uncertainties that produced the postwar on the role of technique.

My dissertation examines the construction, instrumentalization, and institutionalization of a homogenized "master narrative" of "flight and expulsion" in West Germany between 1945 and 1990. I argue that expellee groups, historians, and politicians cemented a victimhood narrative and idealized past that emphasized German suffering and Soviet barbarity in museums, literature, and the media in order to underpin arguments for social, material, and political claims. In this manner, the expellee organizations fashioned a central concept of "flight and expulsion" and colonized public debates for decades, leaving a lasting impact on how contemporary Germany remembers the war and the integration of 10-12 million refugees. By examining the trajectory of the expulsion narrative, I seek to show the layering of memory, how it was used over time, and the defining impact that this victimhood discourse has had on German public memory and academic interpretation of the ...

While extensively occurring natural resources play a fundamental role in the survival and recovery of postwar populations, their management is not presently part of the operational priorities in a peace process. Dependence on naturally occurring food, fuel, water, secure locations, and products that can be obtained and sold quickly for dislocated, war-weary populations is a primary approach to postwar livelihoods. The peace process, however, focuses on the logistical and institutional aspects of security, demobilization, reintegration and humanitarian efforts. The result is profound degradation of the spatially extensive resources necessary for longer-term recovery. The primary reason for the inattention to resource degradation in a peace process is that conventional conservation approaches do not fit with the priorities of a peace process or attend to the immediate needs of a postwar population; designed as they are for stable, peaceful settings. This article focuses on the need to derive postwar natural resource management approaches which can work with the in-place priorities of a peace process. Four such approaches are suggested, with successful examples from specific countries.

This study explores the history of the "new school" that developed in the immediate postwar period and its role in communicating antifascism to young people in the Soviet zone. Blessing traces how the decisions about how to educate young people after twelve years of a National Socialist dictatorship became part of a broader discussion about the future of the German nation.