Prefabricated Lean Construction
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Housing affects the occupants' physical and psychological health and wellbeing while partially contributing to user affordability issues that derive from both initial construction and operating energy costs. This paper discusses the... more
Housing affects the occupants' physical and psychological health and wellbeing while partially contributing to user affordability issues that derive from both initial construction and operating energy costs. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of 'Mass Customization' in designing and constructing interior residential spaces, which need to accommodate users' diverse needs and demands for their lifestyles and conditions. It appears that mass customisation allows for users' direct involvement in the design decision-making process and it can be considered a competitive edge to a property or building firm. When adopting the mass customisation, residential units for sale seem to be the place to start in the overall built environment as it progresses from onsite construction to off-site manufacturing assembly. Mass customised interior spaces of a building may offer a great opportunity to appeal to the construction and property industry's customers, who seek or require affordable individualised design solutions Interior spaces are subject to a desire for unique design thus required to be heterogeneous to fit a customer's individual tastes, needs, and expectations. Importantly, research suggests that a price premium is acceptable to buyers of customized products, so an incentive exists for mastery and implementation of mass customisation approaches to end-user products. For contractors, interior construction productivity is difficult to improve, but it has a high value to consumers. This paper concludes that a mass customisation approach is a competitive advantage in enhancing the existing value of both a property's location and the residential unit built on it. By itself, mass customisation can add value and reduce the cost to the design and construction of interior spaces as the industry strives toward risk reduction and safety enhancement with the high predictability of cost, quality, and schedule while meeting local conditions and earning profits.
► A kind of Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRL.C) with the mentioned specifics is a type of "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of the flexure theory in Solid... more
► A kind of Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRL.C) with the mentioned specifics is a type of "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of the flexure theory in Solid Mechanics, "the strain changes in the beam height during bending" is typically "Nonlinear". (The RCS could be counted as "The Methodically Reinforced Nonlinear Porous Materials", also having the high specific modulus of resilience in flexure.)
♦ Through employing this integrated structure, with significantly high strain capability and modulus of resilience in bending, we can achieve the high bearing capacities in beams with the secure fracture pattern, in less weight.
♦ Due to the system particulars and its behavior in bending, the usual calculation of the necessary equilibrium steel amount to attain the low-steel bending sections with the secure fracture pattern in the beams and its related limitations do not become propounded. Thereby, the strategic deadlock of the high possibility of the brittle fracture pattern in the bending elements made of the usual reinforced lightweight concretes, especially about the low-thickness bending elements as slabs, is unlocked.
♦ This simple, applied technology and the related components and systems can have several applications in the road and building industries. (It can also be used in making the resilient pieces and constructions "with appropriate behavior and high resistance against severe blasts and shocks.)
♦ Regarding the "strategic importance of Lightweight and Integrated Construction in the practical increase of the resistance and safety against earthquake" and considering the appropriate behavior of this "resilient", durable structure against the dynamic loads, shakes, impacts, blasts, and shocks and the possibility of making some lightweight and insulating, non-brittle, reinforced sandwich panels and pieces, this resilient system and its components can especially be useful in the "seismic areas".
♦ This system can also be employed in constructing the vibration and impact absorber bearing pieces & slabs, which can be used in the "Railroad & Subway Structures" too.
♦ Here, the "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" and particularly, the ECRLC as a type of the RCS have been concisely presented. [By the way, an instance of the said new structure and its components and the results of some performed experiments (as bending loading and compressive loading of the slabs made of this structure, similar to ASTM E 72 Standard) have been shown in the related pictures & figures.]
.
.
/ ● Key Words: Strength of materials (solid mechanics), Civil (construction), Materials, Earthquake (resistance and safety), Resilient concrete (flexible concrete, bendable concrete, elastic concrete), Composite concrete, Lightweight concrete, Reinforced concrete, Fibered concrete, Lightweight and integrated construction, Rail (railroad, railway), Subway, Road, Bridge, Resilience, Energy absorption, Fracture pattern, Non-linear, Strain changes, Beam, Ductility, Toughness, Insulating (insulation), Thin, Slab, Roof, Ceiling, Wall (partition), Building, Tower, Plan of mixture, Insulating reinforced lightweight pieces, 3d, Sandwich panel, Dry mix, Plaster, Foam, Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Polypropylene, Pozzolan, Porous matrix (Pored matrix), Mesh (lattice), Cement, RCS, ECRLC
.
.
/ ► Contents:
.
* ABSTRACT
.
* I. INTRODUCTION
.
* II. WHAT ARE THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
.
- A. General Review
.
- B. Components
.
. - 1) Mesh or Lattice
. - 2) Fibers or Strands
. - 3) "Matrix" With the Suitable Hollow "Pores (Voids)" and/or "Lightweight Aggregates" in its Context
.
- C. More Explanations About the RCS
.
- D. Why Are These Systems Called "Composite"?
.
- E. The General Structural Particulars and Functional Criteria as the Necessary Specifications of the Compound Materials Generally Called "Resilient Composite Systems"
.
. - 1) General Structural Criteria
. - 2) Functional Criteria (Required Specifications)
.
* III. "ELASTIC COMPOSITE REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE (ECRLC)" AS A TYPE OF THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS (RCS)
.
- An Instance of the Lightweight Concrete That Could be Used in Making the ECRLC
.
* IV. REVIEW OF SOME EXPERIMENTS, AND MORE DESCRIPTION ABOUT ECRLC
.
* V. SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS
.
* VI. APPLICATIONS
.
* VII. FINAL REVIEW
.
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.
* REFERENCES
.
***
.
/ ● General Review:
.
• A kind of "Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete" with the said specifics is a type of the "Resilient Composite Systems (R.C.S.)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of flexure theory in the Solid Mechanics, the strain changes in the beam height during bending is typically "Non-linear".
.
• Indeed, the RCS, as the Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC), do not behave as most of the solid materials in bending.
.
• In the "Resilient Composite Systems", distributed pores and/or appropriate lightweight aggregates or beads, accompanied by the reticular structure of the strengthened conjoined matrix, bring about the expedient internal shape changes during bending and continuing the elasticity in bending with the said nonlinearly pattern. This means better distribution of the stresses and strains and better utilizing the potential capacities of the employed reinforcements in bending and tension; whereas, in the usual lightweight concretes for instance, distributed hollow pores (such as the gas bulbs in the cellular concretes) or lightweight aggregates (such as Plastic, Rubber or polystyrene beads or any other kind of lightweight aggregates such as Perlite and Vermiculite) decrease the modulus of resilience in bending and could increase "the possibility of beam fracture of brittle and primary compressive type" in bending (compared to the concrete with higher density) according to the case.
.
• In this way, by using the mentioned method to make the said particular composite systems, we could considerably increase the modulus of resilience and bearing capacity in bending "together with" significant decrease of the weight and also the possibility of beam fracture of primary compressive type. Through making these particular integrated functioning systems, for the first time, the said (paradoxical) properties have been concomitantly fulfilled in "one functioning unit" altogether.
.
• Respect to the special pattern of the strain changes during bending in the particular Resilient Composite System termed ECRLC, this system as an integrated functioning unit with the reticular arrangement and texture has more strain capability (particularly within the elastic limit), energy absorption and load bearing capacities in bending compared to the usual reinforced concrete beams.
.
• Thereby, through employing this applied structure, solving some of the main problems in lightweight concretes application, especially the deadlock of brittle and insecure being of fracture pattern in many of the usual reinforced lightweight concrete structures, is provided; reaching to the high bearing capacities in bending elements (even with low dimensions & weights) is to hand, and getting access to a simple and practical opportunity for "qualitative development of possibilities of using lightweight concretes" (especially with oven-dry densities of < 1350-1400kg/m3 and compressive strengths of <14-17mpa, and even with oven-dry densities of < 800kg/m3) is conceivable.
.
• Naturally, by more studies in the field, these structures and their applications in various fields could be developed more.
.
***
.
/ ► FULL TEXT (Open Access):
.
- http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.03933
( https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1510/1510.03933.pdf ) ;
.
. Kamyar Esmaeili: "Elastic Composite Reinforced Lightweight Concrete as a Type of Resilient Composite Systems";
The Internet Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering (IJITCE); 2012; 2(8): 1-22.
- http://ia800305.us.archive.org/34/items/IJITCE/vol2no801.pdf [Also archived at: http://www.webcitation.org/6B2pFPpBh ] ;
.
- https://www.scribd.com/doc/11530978/Elastic-Composite-Reinforced-Lightweight-Concrete-ECRLC-as-a-type-of-Resilient-Composite-Systems-RCS-http-arxiv-org-abs-1510-03933 ;
.
- https://sites.google.com/site/NEWSTRUCTURE1 ;
.
- https://sites.google.com/site/newstructure1/publications-page/ELASTIC%20COMPOSITE%2C%20REINFORCED%20LIGHTWEIGHT%20CONCRETE%20AS%20A%20TYPE%20OF%20RESILIENT%20COMPOSITE%20SYSTEMS.pdf ;
.
- http://www.pdf-archive.com/2015/09/22/elasticcomposite-reinforcedlightweightconcreteasatypeofrcs/elasticcomposite-reinforcedlightweightconcreteasatypeofrcs.pdf ;
.
- The link to the document in PDF format on this site:
file:///C:/Users/pc5/Downloads/ELASTIC_COMPOSITE_REINFORCED_LIGHTWEIGHT.pdf ;
.
- ...
♦ Through employing this integrated structure, with significantly high strain capability and modulus of resilience in bending, we can achieve the high bearing capacities in beams with the secure fracture pattern, in less weight.
♦ Due to the system particulars and its behavior in bending, the usual calculation of the necessary equilibrium steel amount to attain the low-steel bending sections with the secure fracture pattern in the beams and its related limitations do not become propounded. Thereby, the strategic deadlock of the high possibility of the brittle fracture pattern in the bending elements made of the usual reinforced lightweight concretes, especially about the low-thickness bending elements as slabs, is unlocked.
♦ This simple, applied technology and the related components and systems can have several applications in the road and building industries. (It can also be used in making the resilient pieces and constructions "with appropriate behavior and high resistance against severe blasts and shocks.)
♦ Regarding the "strategic importance of Lightweight and Integrated Construction in the practical increase of the resistance and safety against earthquake" and considering the appropriate behavior of this "resilient", durable structure against the dynamic loads, shakes, impacts, blasts, and shocks and the possibility of making some lightweight and insulating, non-brittle, reinforced sandwich panels and pieces, this resilient system and its components can especially be useful in the "seismic areas".
♦ This system can also be employed in constructing the vibration and impact absorber bearing pieces & slabs, which can be used in the "Railroad & Subway Structures" too.
♦ Here, the "Resilient Composite Systems (RCS)" and particularly, the ECRLC as a type of the RCS have been concisely presented. [By the way, an instance of the said new structure and its components and the results of some performed experiments (as bending loading and compressive loading of the slabs made of this structure, similar to ASTM E 72 Standard) have been shown in the related pictures & figures.]
.
.
/ ● Key Words: Strength of materials (solid mechanics), Civil (construction), Materials, Earthquake (resistance and safety), Resilient concrete (flexible concrete, bendable concrete, elastic concrete), Composite concrete, Lightweight concrete, Reinforced concrete, Fibered concrete, Lightweight and integrated construction, Rail (railroad, railway), Subway, Road, Bridge, Resilience, Energy absorption, Fracture pattern, Non-linear, Strain changes, Beam, Ductility, Toughness, Insulating (insulation), Thin, Slab, Roof, Ceiling, Wall (partition), Building, Tower, Plan of mixture, Insulating reinforced lightweight pieces, 3d, Sandwich panel, Dry mix, Plaster, Foam, Expanded polystyrene (EPS), Polypropylene, Pozzolan, Porous matrix (Pored matrix), Mesh (lattice), Cement, RCS, ECRLC
.
.
/ ► Contents:
.
* ABSTRACT
.
* I. INTRODUCTION
.
* II. WHAT ARE THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
.
- A. General Review
.
- B. Components
.
. - 1) Mesh or Lattice
. - 2) Fibers or Strands
. - 3) "Matrix" With the Suitable Hollow "Pores (Voids)" and/or "Lightweight Aggregates" in its Context
.
- C. More Explanations About the RCS
.
- D. Why Are These Systems Called "Composite"?
.
- E. The General Structural Particulars and Functional Criteria as the Necessary Specifications of the Compound Materials Generally Called "Resilient Composite Systems"
.
. - 1) General Structural Criteria
. - 2) Functional Criteria (Required Specifications)
.
* III. "ELASTIC COMPOSITE REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE (ECRLC)" AS A TYPE OF THE RESILIENT COMPOSITE SYSTEMS (RCS)
.
- An Instance of the Lightweight Concrete That Could be Used in Making the ECRLC
.
* IV. REVIEW OF SOME EXPERIMENTS, AND MORE DESCRIPTION ABOUT ECRLC
.
* V. SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS
.
* VI. APPLICATIONS
.
* VII. FINAL REVIEW
.
* ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.
* REFERENCES
.
***
.
/ ● General Review:
.
• A kind of "Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete" with the said specifics is a type of the "Resilient Composite Systems (R.C.S.)" in which, contrary to the basic geometrical assumption of flexure theory in the Solid Mechanics, the strain changes in the beam height during bending is typically "Non-linear".
.
• Indeed, the RCS, as the Elastic Composite, Reinforced Lightweight Concrete (ECRLC), do not behave as most of the solid materials in bending.
.
• In the "Resilient Composite Systems", distributed pores and/or appropriate lightweight aggregates or beads, accompanied by the reticular structure of the strengthened conjoined matrix, bring about the expedient internal shape changes during bending and continuing the elasticity in bending with the said nonlinearly pattern. This means better distribution of the stresses and strains and better utilizing the potential capacities of the employed reinforcements in bending and tension; whereas, in the usual lightweight concretes for instance, distributed hollow pores (such as the gas bulbs in the cellular concretes) or lightweight aggregates (such as Plastic, Rubber or polystyrene beads or any other kind of lightweight aggregates such as Perlite and Vermiculite) decrease the modulus of resilience in bending and could increase "the possibility of beam fracture of brittle and primary compressive type" in bending (compared to the concrete with higher density) according to the case.
.
• In this way, by using the mentioned method to make the said particular composite systems, we could considerably increase the modulus of resilience and bearing capacity in bending "together with" significant decrease of the weight and also the possibility of beam fracture of primary compressive type. Through making these particular integrated functioning systems, for the first time, the said (paradoxical) properties have been concomitantly fulfilled in "one functioning unit" altogether.
.
• Respect to the special pattern of the strain changes during bending in the particular Resilient Composite System termed ECRLC, this system as an integrated functioning unit with the reticular arrangement and texture has more strain capability (particularly within the elastic limit), energy absorption and load bearing capacities in bending compared to the usual reinforced concrete beams.
.
• Thereby, through employing this applied structure, solving some of the main problems in lightweight concretes application, especially the deadlock of brittle and insecure being of fracture pattern in many of the usual reinforced lightweight concrete structures, is provided; reaching to the high bearing capacities in bending elements (even with low dimensions & weights) is to hand, and getting access to a simple and practical opportunity for "qualitative development of possibilities of using lightweight concretes" (especially with oven-dry densities of < 1350-1400kg/m3 and compressive strengths of <14-17mpa, and even with oven-dry densities of < 800kg/m3) is conceivable.
.
• Naturally, by more studies in the field, these structures and their applications in various fields could be developed more.
.
***
.
/ ► FULL TEXT (Open Access):
.
- http://arxiv.org/abs/1510.03933
( https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1510/1510.03933.pdf ) ;
.
. Kamyar Esmaeili: "Elastic Composite Reinforced Lightweight Concrete as a Type of Resilient Composite Systems";
The Internet Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering (IJITCE); 2012; 2(8): 1-22.
- http://ia800305.us.archive.org/34/items/IJITCE/vol2no801.pdf [Also archived at: http://www.webcitation.org/6B2pFPpBh ] ;
.
- https://www.scribd.com/doc/11530978/Elastic-Composite-Reinforced-Lightweight-Concrete-ECRLC-as-a-type-of-Resilient-Composite-Systems-RCS-http-arxiv-org-abs-1510-03933 ;
.
- https://sites.google.com/site/NEWSTRUCTURE1 ;
.
- https://sites.google.com/site/newstructure1/publications-page/ELASTIC%20COMPOSITE%2C%20REINFORCED%20LIGHTWEIGHT%20CONCRETE%20AS%20A%20TYPE%20OF%20RESILIENT%20COMPOSITE%20SYSTEMS.pdf ;
.
- http://www.pdf-archive.com/2015/09/22/elasticcomposite-reinforcedlightweightconcreteasatypeofrcs/elasticcomposite-reinforcedlightweightconcreteasatypeofrcs.pdf ;
.
- The link to the document in PDF format on this site:
file:///C:/Users/pc5/Downloads/ELASTIC_COMPOSITE_REINFORCED_LIGHTWEIGHT.pdf ;
.
- ...
Türkçe: Şantiye kurulumları öncesinde sahada çalışacak olan beyaz ve mavi yaka personele ait geçici yatakhane, yemekhane ve ofis ihtiyacı söz konusudur. Müteahhit firmalar, mobilizasyon kampı ihtiyaçlarını, prefabrik modüler yapı... more
Türkçe:
Şantiye kurulumları öncesinde sahada çalışacak olan beyaz ve mavi yaka personele ait geçici yatakhane, yemekhane ve ofis ihtiyacı söz konusudur. Müteahhit firmalar, mobilizasyon kampı ihtiyaçlarını, prefabrik modüler yapı sistemlerini kullanarak ekonomik ve hızlı bir şekilde çözümleme yoluna gitmektedirler. Müteahhit firma, projenin büyüklüğü ölçeğinde çalıştıracağı beyaz ve mavi yaka personel sayısıyla orantılı prefabrik çözüm talebinde bulunur. Hazırlanan mimari çözümlerde ise yapıların şantiye sahasına göre konumlandırılmasından dolayı mimari değişkenlik söz konusudur. Müşterinin talep ettiği mimari doğrultusunda, yapıda kullanılacak malzemeler teknik şartnameye göre eğer yoksa da firmanın standart üretimine göre maliyetlendirmektedir. Bu işlem gerçekleştirilirken stoktan kullanılması gereken hammaddeler kontrol edilmektedir. Stok miktarı yetersizse iki durum söz konusudur: İlki, yetersiz hammaddelerin tedarik süreci başlar ve yapı maliyeti elde edilirken tedarik süresi, teslim zamanına eklenir. İkinci alternatif ise mevcut hammadde ile yapıyı oluşturacak bina sistemleri ve teknik özellikleri karar vericinin bilgisine sunulmaktadır. Müşteriye sunulacak alternatif senaryolarla, pazarlığa esas teşkil edecek gerçekçi fiyat ve gerçekçi teslim tarihlerini kapsayan, gerekiyorsa alternatif çözümün de bulunduğu teklif dosyası (teklif şartları, teklif fiyatı ve teknik özellikler ile birlikte) geliştirilen maliyet sistemi ile elde edilmiştir. Bu sayede; teklif süreci ve stok yönetimi konularında firmadaki verimlilik arttığı gibi karar vericiye de büyük kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra taleplerin hızlı ve alternatifli cevaplanması müşteri ile olan ilişkileri güçlenirken firmanın da pazar payını arttırmaktadır.
English:
One of the many concerns faced by contractors prior to commencement of a construction site, is the need for temporary living accommodation, dining halls and offices for the on-site white and blue-collar workers. To resolve their needs quickly and economically, contracting companies invariably resort to use prefabricated modular building systems. Depending on the size of the project, the contracting company requires a prefabricated solution commensurate with the number of white and blue-collar workers it will employ. As for the prepared architectural solutions, an architectural change is possible since the buildings are located in accordance with the characteristics of the construction site. In line with the design requested by the client, the materials that need to be used in the structure are assessed in line with the technical specifications. If they don't have any prior technical specifications company's standard production will be used. While this procedure is being carried out, the raw materials that will be used from existing stocks are checked. If stock quantities prove to be insufficient, there are two alternative ways to proceed: In the first one, the process of procurement of the inadequate supply of raw materials is initiated and in addition to the construction costs, the lead time is added to the project delivery time. The second alternative is to present the lowest-cost structure and technical specifications possible with the current available raw materials to the decision-makers. The quotation (together with the offer conditions, the offer price and technical specifications) comprising the alternative scenarios to be presented to the customer, the realistic cost and realistic delivery deadlines, which are to serve as a basis for negotiation and, if needed, include alternative building system solutions, is a result of the cost estimation analysis system that has been developed. In this way, company efficiency is increased with regard to those issues such as the bidding process and inventory management, while offering great convenience to decision-makers. Furthermore, responding to demands quickly, and providing alternatives, strengthens the relationship with the customer and increases the market share of the company.
Şantiye kurulumları öncesinde sahada çalışacak olan beyaz ve mavi yaka personele ait geçici yatakhane, yemekhane ve ofis ihtiyacı söz konusudur. Müteahhit firmalar, mobilizasyon kampı ihtiyaçlarını, prefabrik modüler yapı sistemlerini kullanarak ekonomik ve hızlı bir şekilde çözümleme yoluna gitmektedirler. Müteahhit firma, projenin büyüklüğü ölçeğinde çalıştıracağı beyaz ve mavi yaka personel sayısıyla orantılı prefabrik çözüm talebinde bulunur. Hazırlanan mimari çözümlerde ise yapıların şantiye sahasına göre konumlandırılmasından dolayı mimari değişkenlik söz konusudur. Müşterinin talep ettiği mimari doğrultusunda, yapıda kullanılacak malzemeler teknik şartnameye göre eğer yoksa da firmanın standart üretimine göre maliyetlendirmektedir. Bu işlem gerçekleştirilirken stoktan kullanılması gereken hammaddeler kontrol edilmektedir. Stok miktarı yetersizse iki durum söz konusudur: İlki, yetersiz hammaddelerin tedarik süreci başlar ve yapı maliyeti elde edilirken tedarik süresi, teslim zamanına eklenir. İkinci alternatif ise mevcut hammadde ile yapıyı oluşturacak bina sistemleri ve teknik özellikleri karar vericinin bilgisine sunulmaktadır. Müşteriye sunulacak alternatif senaryolarla, pazarlığa esas teşkil edecek gerçekçi fiyat ve gerçekçi teslim tarihlerini kapsayan, gerekiyorsa alternatif çözümün de bulunduğu teklif dosyası (teklif şartları, teklif fiyatı ve teknik özellikler ile birlikte) geliştirilen maliyet sistemi ile elde edilmiştir. Bu sayede; teklif süreci ve stok yönetimi konularında firmadaki verimlilik arttığı gibi karar vericiye de büyük kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra taleplerin hızlı ve alternatifli cevaplanması müşteri ile olan ilişkileri güçlenirken firmanın da pazar payını arttırmaktadır.
English:
One of the many concerns faced by contractors prior to commencement of a construction site, is the need for temporary living accommodation, dining halls and offices for the on-site white and blue-collar workers. To resolve their needs quickly and economically, contracting companies invariably resort to use prefabricated modular building systems. Depending on the size of the project, the contracting company requires a prefabricated solution commensurate with the number of white and blue-collar workers it will employ. As for the prepared architectural solutions, an architectural change is possible since the buildings are located in accordance with the characteristics of the construction site. In line with the design requested by the client, the materials that need to be used in the structure are assessed in line with the technical specifications. If they don't have any prior technical specifications company's standard production will be used. While this procedure is being carried out, the raw materials that will be used from existing stocks are checked. If stock quantities prove to be insufficient, there are two alternative ways to proceed: In the first one, the process of procurement of the inadequate supply of raw materials is initiated and in addition to the construction costs, the lead time is added to the project delivery time. The second alternative is to present the lowest-cost structure and technical specifications possible with the current available raw materials to the decision-makers. The quotation (together with the offer conditions, the offer price and technical specifications) comprising the alternative scenarios to be presented to the customer, the realistic cost and realistic delivery deadlines, which are to serve as a basis for negotiation and, if needed, include alternative building system solutions, is a result of the cost estimation analysis system that has been developed. In this way, company efficiency is increased with regard to those issues such as the bidding process and inventory management, while offering great convenience to decision-makers. Furthermore, responding to demands quickly, and providing alternatives, strengthens the relationship with the customer and increases the market share of the company.
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