Production and Manufacturing

The effect of cryogenic treatment of wire has been studied on material removal rate obtained by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). Two different wires have been used under the same input parameters. One wire was cryogenically treated and the other was simple and without any cryogenic treatment. AISI D3 die steel was used as work piece material. The performance of wires has been measured in terms of obtained material removal rate. Optimum set of input parameters for maximum material removal rate has also been determined. It is found that the cryogenically treated wire produces more material removal as compared to non-cryogenically treated wire for same material.

A caustic potash processor capable of processing 30, 000 tons of caustic potash per anum from cocoa pod husk was designed.
It essentially consist of storage tank, fluidized bed dryer, rotary dryer operating at a temperature of 1100C for drying the feed, roll
crusher which reduces the husks into smaller sizes and a furnace operated an elevated temperature to ensure proper ashing. The
processor also consists of a reactor where leaching: the major process involved in the production of caustic potash from cocoa pod husk
takes place. The reactor is lagged and heated internally after which an evaporator fired by a boiler is employed to concentrate the KOH
solution. The water vapour leaving the evaporator condenses in the condenser and is recycled to the boiler. A detailed energy and
material balance as well as analysis of process control system and instrumentation was also carried out to keep process variable within
known safe operating limits in order to achieve the designed production rate and maintain the caustic potash within the desired
specification at an optimal production cost.

The DMAIC is an improvement cycle and used to improve optimizing and stabilizing business process designs. It is closed loop technology for continuous improvement of manufacture unit. It is business improvement approach to find out and eliminates the problems and causes of defects in manufacturing units. DMAIC is five step methodology define, measure, analyse, improve and control. Now days DMAIC technique is widely used in industries to solve their problems in an effective manner. It is defined as a set of statistical tool adopted with the quality management to construct a framework for process improvement. The DMAIC study is also known as a system driven technique of management that results study problem structure, generic problem solving tasks, diagnostics problem solving, remedial problem solving etc.

The study examined the macroeconomic factors that influence performance of the manufacturing sector of Ghana using multivariate time series approach. It was found out that manufacturing production and real gross domestic product per capita were inversely related. In the long-run, macroeconomic variables such as private sector credit, labour and real exchange rate were unfavourable factors that weigh down the manufacturing sector while in the short-run, the past years consumer price index and real exchange rate were unfavourable to the manufacturing production. Finally, it is recommended that private sector credit to the manufacturing sector should be improved, training of labour force should be skilled and technical oriented and policies to stabilise the real exchange rate should be put in place to halt the down trending in manufacturing production.

The study examined the macroeconomic factors that influence performance of the manufacturing sector of Ghana using multivariate time series approach. It was found out that manufacturing production and real gross domestic product per capita were inversely related. In the long-run, macroeconomic variables such as private sector credit, labour and real exchange rate were unfavourable factors that weigh down the manufacturing sector while in the short-run, the past years consumer price index and real exchange rate were unfavourable to the manufacturing production. Finally, it is recommended that private sector credit to the manufacturing sector should be improved, training of labour force should be skilled and technical oriented and policies to stabilise the real exchange rate should be put in place to halt the down trending in manufacturing production.

It was noticed in laboratory practice that certain conditions of slotting operation of a plastic end milling computer Nu merical control (CNC) machine became noisy with increasing depth of cut and eventual perforation of workp iece thus objective is to generate stability characterization of the machine in the form of a chart on the plane of cutting parameters on which stable operation is demarcated fro m the unstable operation. Chatter stability analysis is carried out here using a recently developed method called Fu ll-discretization. The resulting chart is partit ioned into portions of secondary Hopf and flip bifurcations through MATLAB eigen-value analysis of resulting monodro my operator. These two types of bifurcation are d iscovered to be visible for high speed range while only secondary Hopf bifurcat ion is visible for the lo w spindle speed range. It is also discovered for the studied slotting operation, that critical characteristic mu ltipliers are almost pure imaginary at ...