Pure

The modification in oxidation state of polyaniline when it was doped with anthracene was studied through UV-VIS Absorption studies and FTIR measurements. UV-VIS absorption studies indicated that with increasing dopant concentration the intensity of ab sorption at 600 nm increases. This is attributed to the change in popu lation of quinoid imine units in the polymer backbone. Two significant changes were observed in the FTIR spectrum of bare and doped polyaniline. First is appearance of a peak at 1140.0 cm -1 in doped compounds, attributed to vibration of the ‐NH + = structure. It suggests increase in number of quinoid imine units in doped polymer. And second is decrease in intensity in the peak at 1294.8 cm -1 in doped polyaniline, which is attributed to decrease in л electron delocalization across the polymer backbone. The change in intensity of absorption at 600 nm depicts modification in oxidation state of polyaniline. Thi s structural modification in polyaniline is assigned to t...

Abstract: In this paper, we solve the three-dimensional Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The Poisson equation is, first, discretized using the finite difference method. We choose an indexing strategy for the grid points, which is essential for the ...

ABSTRACT The present paper describes scientific evaluation of a traditional herbal medicine for relief in cough and asthma. The formulation had been used by a practitioner of traditional medicine from Jalandhar (Punjab, India) over a period of time and found to be ...

In this work, a new two-parameter cubic equation of state is presented based on perturbation theory for predicting phase behavior of pure compounds and of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons. The parameters of the new cubic equation of state are obtained as functions of reduced temperature and acentric factor. The average deviations of the predicted vapor pressure, liquid density and vapor volume for 40 pure compounds are 1.116, 5.696 and 3.083%, respectively. Also the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization are calculated by using the new equation of state. The average deviations of the predicted enthalpy and entropy of vaporization are 2.393 and 2.358%, respectively. The capability of the proposed equation of state for predicting some other thermodynamic properties such as compressibility, second virial coefficient, sound velocity in gases and heat capacity of gases are given, too. The comparisons between the experimental data and the results of the new equation of state show the accuracy of the proposed equation with respect to commonly used equations of state, i.e. PR and SRK. The zeno line has been calculated using the new equation of state and the obtained result compared with quantities in the literatures. Bubble pressure and mole fraction of vapor for 16 binary mixtures are calculated. Averages deviations for bubble pressure and mole fraction of vapor are 9.380 and 2.735%, respectively.

International Journal Pure & Applied Mathematical Sciences. ISSN 0972-9828 Vol.3 No.1 (2006), pp. 47-52 © GBS Publishers & Distributors (India) http://www.gbspublisher.com/ijpams .htm ... Mahmoud M. El-Borai, Khairia El-Said El-Nadi, Osama L. Mostafa and Hamdy M. ...

In this study, two hair dye types, one liquid and the other solid, were analyzed to determine their elemental compositions and possible radioactivity. The liquid dye sample was analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and based on the American Standard Test Method (ASTM), five ions namely: Fe, Pb, Cd, S, and SO4 were detected with concentrations of 0.702, 0.002, 0.003, 0.044, and 0.059mg.l respectively. The solid hair dye sample was analyzed using the Neutron Activation Analysis technique. Eighteen elements (Al, Ti, K, Fe, Na, V, Mn, Sb, La, Sm, Sc, Cs, Eu, Br, Ce, and Th) were measured. Six of the elements (Al, Na, Eu, Br, Ce, and Th) were found in trace concentrations of 31.9± 5.4, 40.6 ± 5.9, 0.16 ± 0.05, 0.18 ± 0.04, 0.37 ± 0.08, and 0.13± 0.02 ppm respectively. Ce and Eu presently have no known negative effect on humans, while Pb, Cd, and Fe cannot easily get into the body through skin absorption. Hence the application of dyes containing these elements may not bring ...

The paper will present the basic elements and characteristics of the NGN network, the requirements that placed before them that would be widely accepted and implemented. Introduction of Next Generation Network, a proposed new telecommunications architecture network make possible inter- operability between deferent protocols, networks and terminals and the devel- opment and provision of new services which will arise from the convergence of Internet and traditional telecommunication services. We will also explain application of the software agent which are software which in interaction with the environment (surrounding) have capability to react autonomy and flexible in accord with the goal that is given. Design and implementations of Belief- Desire-Intention agents, which operate based on their (possibly imperfect) be- liefs about the current status of the network and use their predefined plans and capabilities to cope with the real world intrusion detection and automated re- sponse p...

Sufficient conditions are given for a (unital) homomorphism f : A ! B of (commutative) rings to be a chain morphism, in the sense that a f : Spec(B)! Spec(A) permits the covering of chains of arbitrary cardinality. One such sufficient condition is that f satisfies lying-over, a f be open in the flat (resp., Zariski) topology, and that each reduced fiber of a f be quasilocal (resp., an integral domain). Sufficient conditions are given for f to have the generalized going-down property GGD (that is, “going-down” predicated for chains of arbitrary cardinality). Typical of such sufficient conditions are the following: f is a chain morphism and B is quasilocal treed; f satisfies going-down and either the reduced fibers of a f are integral domains or A is a going-down ring. “Universally going-down” is equivalent to “universally GGD”; in particular, if f is flat, then f satisfies GGD. The universally subtrusive homomorphisms are the same as the universally chain morphisms, and these descend...

In this study, two hair dye types, one liquid and the other solid, were analyzed to determine their elemental compositions and possible radioactivity. The liquid dye sample was analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and based on the American ...

Nowadays it is commonly ascertained that, Laser- induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS) was investigated to evaluate the feasibility as a fast,
accurate, non contact and simple technique used in both qualitative and
quantitative elemental analysis of metals in various environments. The used
portable Echelle spectrometer (Mechelle 7500 - Multichannel Instruments,
Stockholm, Sweden) permit real simultaneous multi-elemental analysis in
rang of 200-900 nm with a high resolution in few minutes. In the present
work, the proposed LIBS setup has been applied to perform elemental analysis
of mercury in platinum modified non gamma 2 spherical dental amalgam
alloy samples. Moreover, the content of the dental amalgam samples was
qualitative analyzed.
A detailed study has been performed on optimization of many experimental
parameters to avoid experimental fluctuations and to enhance the system
sensitivity as possible.
Calibration curve for mercury was achieved with linear regression
coefficient of 0.93, detection limit of 2.9 ppm and relative standard deviation
(RSD %) of 7.5 % in dental amalgam samples.
The obtained results show the capability of the proposed LIBS setup for instiu
real time analysis of Hg in dental amalgam with good sensitivity and high
precision.

Abstract: In this paper, a numerical study of the flow structure as well as the forced and mixed convective heat transfer from a shear-flow past a rotating cylinder is presented. The flow variables are rescaled with respect to an appropriate boundary layer parameter and ...

The article studies the effect of the initial simulation sample size on the performance of Three-Stage selection approach. The aim of the study was to see the effects of the initial simulation sample size on the selection approach in selecting the best simulated designs when the number of alternatives system is large. In Three-Stage selection approach, the ordinal optimization technique is used in the first stage to select a subset that overlap with the set of the best m% designs with high probability, and then subset selection procedure is used to get a smaller subset that contains the best among the subset that is selected by the first stage. Finally, the indifference-zone procedure is used to select the best design among the survivors in the second stage. In fulfilling the aim of the study, the Three-Stage approach was implemented on M/M/1 queuing system under some parameter settings, with a different choice of the initial simulation sample sizes. The results show that the choice...

The main aim of our study is to synthesize the biodegradable lubricant from the seeds of Indian origin. For our aim to be accomplished we have taken two oils (1). Mustard Seed Oil (2) Sal Seed Oil. Through various processes such as seed crushing, extraction ...

We introduce a subexponential algorithm for geometric solving of multivariate polynomial equation systems whose bit complexity depends mainly on intrinsic geometric invariants of the solution set. ¿From this algorithm, we derive a new procedure for the decision of consistency of polynomial equation systems whose bit complexity is subexponential, too. As a byproduct, we analyze the division of a polynomial modulo a reduced complete intersection ideal and from this, we obtain an intrinsic lower bound for the logarithmic height of diophantine approximations to a given solution of a zero–dimensional polynomial equation system. This result represents a multivariate version of Liouville’s classical theorem on approximation of algebraic numbers by rationals. A special feature of our procedures is their polynomial character with respect to the mentioned geometric invariants when instead of bit operations only arithmetic operations are counted at unit cost. Technically our paper relies on th...

Abstract: There has been much speculation concerning the mechanism for water oxidation by Photosystem 11. Based on recent work on the biophysics of Photosystem I1 and our own work on the reactivity of synthetic manganese complexes, we propose a chemically reasonable mechanistic model for the water oxidation function of this enzyme. An essential feature of the model is the nucleophilic attack by calcium-ligated hydroxide on an electrophilic 0x0 group ligated to high-valent manganese to achieve the critical 0-0 bond formation step. We also present a model for S-state advancement as a series of proton-coupled electron transfer steps, which has been proposed previously [Hoganson et. al., Photosynth. Res. 46, 177 (1995); Gilchrist et. al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, USA. 92, 9545 (1995)], but for which we have developed model systems that allow us to probe the thermodynamics in some detail. One of the great unsolved mysteries in bioinorganic chemistry is the mechanism of water oxidation by the...

Abstract: The article studies the effect of the initial simulation sample size on the performance of Three-Stage selection approach. The aim of the study was to see the effects of the initial simulation sample size on the selection approach in selecting the best ...

The slice condition and the more general weak slice conditions are geometric conditions on Euclidean space domains which have evolved over the last several years as a tool in various areas of analysis. This paper examines some of their finer distinctive properties.

We investigate the Drinfel'd doubles $D(\Lambda_{n,d})$ of a certain family of Hopf algebras. We determine their simple modules and their indecomposable projective modules, and we obtain a presentation by quiver and relations of these Drinfel'd doubles, from which we deduce properties of their representations, including the Auslander-Reiten quivers of the $D(\Lambda_{n,d})$. We then determine decompositions of the tensor products of most of the representations described, and in particular give a complete description of the tensor product of two simple modules. This study also leads to explicit examples of Hopf bimodules over the original Hopf algebras.